Demographic consequences of foraging ecology explain genetic diversification in Neotropical bird species,Ecology Letters

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Demographic consequences of foraging ecology explain genetic diversification in Neotropical bird species
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.13674
Matthew J. Miller _{1,

2} , Eldredge Bermingham _{2,

3} , Benjamin L. Turner ₂ , Justin C. Touchon _{2,

4} , Andrew B. Johnson _{1,

5} , Kevin Winker ₁

Affiliation

Despite evidence that species’ traits affect rates of bird diversification, biogeographic studies tend to prioritise earth history in Neotropical bird speciation. Here we compare mitochondrial genetic differentiation among 56 co‐distributed Neotropical bird species with varying ecologies. The trait ‘diet’ best predicted divergence, with plant‐dependent species (mostly frugivores and nectivores) showing lower levels of genetic divergence than insectivores or mixed‐diet species. We propose that the greater vagility and demographic instability of birds whose diets rely on fruit, seeds, or nectar  known to vary in abundance seasonally and between years  relative to birds that eat primarily insects, drives episodic re‐unification of otherwise isolated populations, resetting the divergence ‘clock’. Testing this prediction using coalescent simulations, we find that plant‐dependent species show stronger signals of recent demographic expansion compared to insectivores or mixed‐diet species, consistent with this hypothesis. Our study provides evidence that localised ecological phenomena scale up to generate larger macroevolutionary patterns.

中文翻译：

觅食生态学的人口统计学后果解释了新热带鸟类物种的遗传多样性

尽管有证据表明物种的特性会影响鸟类的多样化速度，但生物地理学研究倾向于将新热带鸟类的物种形成优先考虑地球历史。在这里，我们比较了具有不同生态学的56种新近分布的新热带鸟类中线粒体的遗传分化。“饮食”性状最能预测差异，与植物有关的物种（主要是节食动物和食肉动物）显示出的遗传差异水平低于食虫动物或混合饮食物种。我们建议，饮食依赖水果，种子或花蜜的鸟类具有更大的易变性和人口统计不稳定性已知季节和年份之间丰度会有所不同相对于主要以昆虫为食的鸟类，驱使原本孤立的种群发生情节统一，从而重新设定了“时钟”分歧。使用合并模拟测试此预测，我们发现与食虫动物或混合饮食物种相比，植物相关物种显示出近期人口膨胀的更强信号，与此假设相符。我们的研究提供了证据，表明局部生态现象会扩大以产生更大的宏观进化模式。

更新日期：2021-02-12

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