Currently colorimetric paper lateral flow strips (PLFS) encounter two major limitations, that is, low sensitivity and severe interference from complex sample matrices such as blood. These shortcomings limit their application in detection of low-concentration analytes in complex samples. To solve these problems, a PLFS has been developed by utilizing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for sensing signal transduction. In particular, a hierarchical three-dimensional nanostructure has been designed to create “hot spots”, which can significantly amplify the SERS sensing signal, leading to high sensitivity. As a result, this PLFS has demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.0 pg mL⁻¹ toward detection of S-100β, a traumatic brain injury (TBI) protein biomarker in blood plasma. The PLFS has been successfully used for rapid measurement of S-100β in clinical TBI patient samples taken in the emergency department. Availability of PLFS for blood testing would shift the paradigm of TBI patient management and clinical outcome in emergency departments. It is expected that this type of PLFS can be adapted for rapid detection of various human diseases due to its capability of measuring a low level of protein blood biomarkers in complex human fluids.

目前比色纸侧向流动条（PLFS）遇到两个主要限制，即灵敏度低和来自复杂样品基质（如血液）的严重干扰。这些缺点限制了它们在检测复杂样品中低浓度分析物的应用。为了解决这些问题，已经开发了一种利用表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS) 来传感信号转导的 PLFS。特别是，设计了分层的三维纳米结构来创建“热点”，可以显着放大 SERS 传感信号，从而实现高灵敏度。因此，该 PLFS 的检测限 (LOD) 为 5.0 pg mL ^-1用于检测血浆中的创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 蛋白生物标志物 S-100β。PLFS 已成功用于在急诊科采集的临床 TBI 患者样本中快速测量 S-100β。用于血液检测的 PLFS 的可用性将改变急诊科 TBI 患者管理和临床结果的范式。预计这种类型的 PLFS 可用于快速检测各种人类疾病，因为它能够测量复杂人体体液中低水平的蛋白质血液生物标志物。