Abstract

Grain quality parameters of winter common wheat under the influence of ha/Ha (hard vs. Soft) genes, determining grain hardness vs. grain softness, as well as genotypes for the Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 genes, responsible for either amylose or amylopectin type of endosperm starch, were examined. The influence of environmental conditions on the formation of these parameters in different wheat genotypes during grain ripening was demonstrated. It was demonstrated that the grain softness in comparison with the grain hardness and amylopectin form led to a considerable decrease in water absorption capacity (Absorption) of the grain. The environment affects variation of this trait in amylose genotypes, but does not affect absorption in amylopectin forms. Differences in grain hardness affected the gluten parameter, but showed no response to the environmental influence. Genotypes differing in Wx genes had no hereditary effect on this parameter. The influence of environment factors on the formation of this parameter was revealed. In the years favorable for the wheat grain ripening, the values of viscosity and retrogradation indices were considerably lower in amylopectin forms compared to amylose ones. In the conditions of increased humidity during this period, the differences between these groups of genotypes are smoothed out, and very low viscosity and retrogradation index values are observed. Unlike environmental factors, the differences in grain hardness had no effect on these grain quality parameters. The amylase index in amylopectin forms was stable over the years and did not vary in this group of genotypes and also did not differ from that in amylose genotypes. The response of this index to environmental conditions in the groups of amylose-type cultivars was observed. In the years with the weather conditions favorable for wheat ripening, the viscosity index can be used for identification of amylopectin genotypes.

中文翻译：

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冬小麦籽粒品质参数及遗传因素与胚乳碳水化合物的关系。

摘要

受ha / Ha（硬对软）基因影响的冬季普通小麦的籽粒品质参数，确定籽粒硬度与籽粒柔软度以及Wx-A1，Wx-B1和Wx-D1的基因型检查了负责直链淀粉或支链淀粉类型的胚乳淀粉的基因。证明了环境条件对不同基因型小麦成熟过程中这些参数形成的影响。结果表明，与谷物硬度和支链淀粉形式相比，谷物的柔软度导致谷物的吸水能力（Absorption）大大降低。环境影响直链淀粉基因型中此特性的变化，但不影响支链淀粉形式的吸收。谷物硬度的差异影响面筋参数，但对环境影响无响应。Wx基因型不同基因对此参数没有遗传作用。揭示了环境因素对该参数形成的影响。在有利于小麦籽粒成熟的年份中，支链淀粉形式的粘度和回生指数值比直链淀粉形式的低得多。在此期间湿度增加的情况下，这些基因型组之间的差异被消除，并且观察到非常低的粘度和回生指数值。与环境因素不同，晶粒硬度的差异对这些晶粒质量参数没有影响。多年来，支链淀粉形式的淀粉酶指数保持稳定，并且在这组基因型中没有变化，也与直链淀粉基因型没有差异。观察到该指数对直链淀粉型品种组中环境条件的响应。在有利于小麦成熟的天气条件下，粘度指数可用于鉴定支链淀粉的基因型。