To date, there have been few comprehensive studies on habitat preferences of wetland bird communities focusing on European reed bed avifauna. During the years 2016–2017, we collected data on bird communities from 79 observational points distributed within 34 wetlands in the northeast of the Czech Republic ranging in size from 0.76 to 70.42 ha, and relevant environmental factors. We compared habitat use among wetland bird species in relation to these factors and tested their effect on species diversity and the proportion of specially protected species. We found that (1) the number of bird species as well as the number of wetland species were positively correlated with the area of the whole wetland. We also uncovered (2) a significant effect of wetland vegetation cover, percentage of open water surface, vegetation wetness index and distance to road to species abundances. There was a clear gradient along distance from water body/open water surface/vegetation wetness index between the species of water surface and species inhabiting wetland vegetation. The second independent gradient was found along distance of observational point to road. (3) Bush cover and Common Reed cover were positively correlated with diversity index and distance to water body was negatively correlated with diversity index. (4) Percentage of specially protected species increased with distance to road and vegetation wetness index, but decreased with tree cover. (5) We recommend this multi-comparison approach for other wetland areas and propose management practices that may increase attractiveness of wetlands for birds.

迄今为止，很少有关于湿地鸟类群落的栖息地偏好的综合研究，重点是欧洲的芦苇床鸟类。在2016-2017年期间，我们收集了分布在捷克共和国东北部34个湿地中79个观测点的鸟类群落数据，其大小从0.76到70.42公顷不等，并包括相关的环境因素。我们比较了与这些因素相关的湿地鸟类物种的栖息地使用情况，并测试了它们对物种多样性和受特殊保护物种的比例的影响。我们发现（1）鸟类物种的数量以及湿地物种的数量与整个湿地的面积呈正相关。我们还发现（2）湿地植被覆盖，开放水面百分比，植被湿度指数和到物种丰富道路的距离。沿水体/开放水面/植被湿度指数的距离在水面物种和栖息于湿地植被的物种之间存在明显的梯度。沿着观察点到道路的距离发现了第二个独立的梯度。（3）灌木覆盖度和芦苇覆盖度与多样性指数呈正相关，与水体的距离与多样性指数呈负相关。（4）特殊保护物种的百分比随着距道路的距离和植被湿度指数的增加而增加，但随着树木的覆盖而降低。（5）我们建议在其他湿地地区采用这种多比较方法，并提出可能增加湿地对鸟类吸引力的管理措施。沿水体/开放水面/植被湿度指数的距离在水面物种和栖息于湿地植被的物种之间存在明显的梯度。沿着观察点到道路的距离发现了第二个独立的梯度。（3）灌木覆盖度和芦苇覆盖度与多样性指数呈正相关，与水体的距离与多样性指数呈负相关。（4）特殊保护物种的百分比随着距道路的距离和植被湿度指数的增加而增加，但随着树木的覆盖而降低。（5）我们建议在其他湿地地区采用这种多比较方法，并提出可能增加湿地对鸟类吸引力的管理措施。沿水体/开放水面/植被湿度指数的距离在水面物种和栖息于湿地植被的物种之间存在明显的梯度。沿着观察点到道路的距离发现了第二个独立的梯度。（3）灌木覆盖度和芦苇覆盖度与多样性指数呈正相关，与水体的距离与多样性指数呈负相关。（4）特殊保护物种的百分比随着距道路的距离和植被湿度指数的增加而增加，但随着树木的覆盖而降低。（5）我们建议在其他湿地地区采用这种多比较方法，并提出可能增加湿地对鸟类吸引力的管理措施。