How should public transit agencies deliver mobility services in the era of shared mobility? Previous literature recommends that transit agencies actively build partnerships with mobility service companies from the private sector, yet public transit agencies are still in search of a solid empirical basis to help envision the consequences of doing so. This paper presents an effort to fill this gap by studying a recent experiment of shared mobility public–private partnership, the carpool incentive fund program launched by King County Metro in the Seattle region. This program offers monetary incentives for participants who commute using a dynamic app-based carpooling service. Through descriptive analysis and a series of logistic regression models, we find that the monetary incentive to encourage the use of app-based carpooling generates some promising outcomes while having distinctive limitations. In particular, it facilitates the growth of carpooling by making carpooling a competitive commuting option for long-distance commuters. Moreover, our evidence suggests that the newly generated carpooling trips mostly substitute single-occupancy vehicles, thus contributing to a reduction of regional VMT. The empirical results of this research will not only help King County Metro devise its future policies but also highlight an appealing alternative for other transit agencies in designing an integrated urban transportation system in the era of shared mobility.

中文翻译：

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探索公交机构和共享出行公司之间的合作伙伴关系：基于应用程序的拼车激励计划

在共享出行时代，公共交通机构应该如何提供出行服务？以前的文献建议交通机构积极与私营部门的出行服务公司建立合作伙伴关系，但公共交通机构仍在寻找可靠的实证基础来帮助设想这样做的后果。本文通过研究最近的共享出行公私伙伴关系实验，即西雅图地区金县地铁推出的拼车激励基金计划，试图填补这一空白。该计划为使用基于应用程序的动态拼车服务上下班的参与者提供金钱奖励。通过描述性分析和一系列逻辑回归模型，我们发现鼓励使用基于应用程序的拼车的货币激励产生了一些有希望的结果，同时具有明显的局限性。特别是，它使拼车成为长途通勤者的一种有竞争力的通勤选择，从而促进了拼车的发展。此外，我们的证据表明，新产生的拼车出行主要替代单人车辆，从而有助于减少区域 VMT。本研究的实证结果不仅将帮助金县地铁设计其未来的政策，而且还为其他交通机构在共享出行时代设计综合城市交通系统时突出了一个有吸引力的替代方案。它使拼车成为长途通勤者的有竞争力的通勤选择，从而促进拼车的发展。此外，我们的证据表明，新产生的拼车出行主要替代单人车辆，从而有助于减少区域 VMT。本研究的实证结果不仅将帮助金县地铁设计其未来的政策，而且还为其他交通机构在共享出行时代设计综合城市交通系统时突出了一个有吸引力的替代方案。它使拼车成为长途通勤者的有竞争力的通勤选择，从而促进拼车的发展。此外，我们的证据表明，新产生的拼车出行主要替代单人车辆，从而有助于减少区域 VMT。本研究的实证结果不仅将帮助金县地铁设计其未来的政策，而且还为其他交通机构在共享出行时代设计综合城市交通系统时突出了一个有吸引力的替代方案。