Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to empower all aspects of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), the main goal of which is to improve transportation safety. However, due to high demands by the increasing number of associated vehicles, the allocated bandwidth of ITS is inadequate. Cognitive Radio (CR) technology can be used as a solution for this high demand level. In CR, the pre-allocated spectrum bands are sensed to find the existing holes, caused by the absence of primary users. Cooperative spectrum sensing is an efficient tool for the detection of free spectrum bands that increase the probability of correct detection. In this paper, a distributed cooperative spectrum sensing technique is proposed using the consensus algorithm which is a distributed data aggregation mechanism whereby each vehicle combines the results received from its neighbors’ spectrum sensing. The combined results are repeatedly shared and combined such that all vehicles reach the same results. In vehicular networks, due to the vehicle’s movement, the number of its neighbors changes dynamically. Therefore, considering the vehicle’s mobility is essential in the spectrum sensing process. The consensus algorithm which is a data aggregation method is used to increase the probability of correct detection, and thus to reduce the number of collisions in the spectrum acquisition process. In our method, each vehicle accurately selects a number of its neighbors dynamically, and involves them in the decision-making process. Moreover, separate weights determined based on the entropy of their information are assigned to the sensing results of the selected neighbors. In this way, even if the vehicles are affected by fading or shadowing, they can make more accurate decisions using the sensing results received from other vehicles. The simulation results of the proposed method show that it increases the probability of correctly detecting free spectrum bands as well as convergence speed.

物联网（IoT）有望为智能交通系统（ITS）的各个方面提供支持，其主要目标是提高交通安全性。但是，由于相关车辆数量的增加带来的高要求，ITS的分配带宽不足。认知无线电（CR）技术可用作此高需求水平的解决方案。在CR中，感测到预先分配的频谱带以查找由于缺少主要用户而导致的现有空洞。协作频谱感测是检测自由频谱带的有效工具，可增加正确检测的可能性。在本文中，提出了一种使用共识算法的分布式协作频谱感知技术，该算法是一种分布式数据聚合机制，通过这种机制，每辆车都将从其邻居的频谱感知中接收到的结果进行组合。合并的结果被重复共享和合并，以使所有车辆达到相同的结果。在车辆网络中，由于车辆的运动，其邻居的数量动态变化。因此，在频谱感测过程中考虑车辆的机动性至关重要。作为数据聚合方法的共识算法用于增加正确检测的可能性，从而减少频谱采集过程中的冲突次数。在我们的方法中，每辆车都会动态准确地选择多个邻居，并让他们参与决策过程。此外，将基于其信息的熵确定的单独权重分配给所选邻居的感测结果。这样，即使车辆受到衰落或阴影影响，它们也可以使用从其他车辆接收到的传感结果做出更准确的决策。所提方法的仿真结果表明，它增加了正确检测自由频谱带的可能性以及收敛速度。