Hurricane Sandy struck the New York metropolitan area in October 2012, becoming the second-costliest cyclone in the nation since 1900, and it serves as a valuable basis for investigating future extreme hurricane events in the area. This paper presents a hindcast study of storm surges and waves along the coast of the Mid-Atlantic Bight region during Hurricane Sandy using the FVCOM-SWAVE system, and its simulation results match observed data at a number of stations along the coastline. Then, as potential future scenarios, surges and waves in this region are predicted in synthetic hurricanes based on Hurricane Sandy’s parameters in association with sea-level rise in 50 and 100 years as well as with eight paths perturbed from that of Sandy. The prediction indicates that such surges and waves exhibit complex behaviors, and they can be much stronger than those during Hurricane Sandy. Finally, an assessment of hydraulic vulnerability is made for all coastal bridges in the New Jersey and New York region. It shows that hydrodynamic load and scour depth at some bridges may be worse in certain scenarios than those during Superstorm Sandy, while the probability of structural failure is small for the majority of them.

桑迪飓风于2012年10月袭击了纽约都会区，成为自1900年以来美国第二大飓风，它为调查该地区未来的极端飓风事件提供了宝贵的基础。本文利用FVCOM-SWAVE系统对飓风桑迪期间大西洋中部海岸线沿岸的风暴潮和海浪进行了后预报研究，其模拟结果与沿海岸线多个站点的观测数据相匹配。然后，作为潜在的未来情景，根据飓风桑迪的参数，结合50和100年的海平面上升以及从桑迪扰动的八条路径，在合成飓风中预测该地区的海浪和海浪。预测表明，这种浪涌和波浪表现出复杂的行为，而且它们可能比桑迪飓风时强大得多。最后，对新泽西州和纽约州所有沿海桥梁的水力脆弱性进行了评估。结果表明，在某些情况下，某些桥梁的水动力荷载和冲刷深度可能比超级风暴桑迪期间的要差，而对于大多数桥梁而言，结构破坏的可能性很小。