Water recycling is of increasing concern due to the shortage of natural resources, calling for advanced methods to remove contaminants. Indeed, the transfer of contaminants to living organisms may lead to bioaccumulation and diseases. In particular, the overuse of antibiotics for human and animal health has led to antibiotic pollution in waters, sludges and crop soils, and, in turn, to the unintended development of multi-resistant bacteria, named antibiotic resistance. Here we review antibiotic properties, antibiotic occurrence in wastewater, and antibiotic removal. Remediation techniques include electrocoagulation, photocatalysis, Fenton process, sonocatalysis, ozonation, membrane filtration, adsorption and ionizing irradiation. Nanofilters and reverse osmosis showed the highest removal of antibiotics in a bioreactor, averaging at 95%. Recently developed methods such as photocatalysis, sonocatalysis and ozone oxidation show a removal of about 98%.

由于自然资源的短缺，人们越来越关注水的循环利用，因此需要先进的方法来去除污染物。确实，污染物向生物的转移可能导致生物蓄积和疾病。特别是，过量使用抗生素对人类和动物健康造成了水域，污泥和农作物土壤中的抗生素污染，进而导致了多重耐药菌的意外开发，这种耐药菌被称为抗生素耐药性。在这里，我们回顾了抗生素的特性，废水中的抗生素的存在以及抗生素的去除。修复技术包括电凝，光催化，芬顿法，声催化，臭氧化，膜过滤，吸附和电离辐射。纳米过滤器和反渗透显示出生物反应器中抗生素的去除率最高，平均为95％。