Purpose of Review

To review the most recent advances and provide a description of the most common autoimmune diseases causing myelitis and selective spine disorders. The ultimate goal of this article is to facilitate the prompt recognition of these diseases.

Recent Findings

The recent discovery of biomarkers such as aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies has changed our understanding of autoimmune diseases affecting the spinal cord as well as their treatment and outcomes.

Summary

Autoimmune neurology is an increasingly evolving field that encompasses a broad spectrum of autoimmune-inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Autoimmune disorders of the spinal cord are a heterogeneous group of myelopathies with a broad differential diagnosis and many of them have been recently identified. Prompt recognition of these myelopathies is important as some of them are treatable, which could improve patient outcomes and prevent disability.

中文翻译：

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影响脊髓和脊柱的免疫介导疾病

 审查目的

回顾最新进展并描述导致脊髓炎和选择性脊柱疾病的最常见自身免疫性疾病。本文的最终目标是促进对这些疾病的及时识别。

 最近的发现

最近发现的水通道蛋白 4 (AQP4) 和髓磷脂少突胶质细胞糖蛋白 (MOG) 抗体等生物标志物改变了我们对影响脊髓的自身免疫性疾病及其治疗和结果的理解。

 概括

自身免疫神经病学是一个不断发展的领域，涵盖中枢神经系统（CNS）和周围神经系统（PNS）的多种自身免疫炎症性疾病。脊髓自身免疫性疾病是一组异质性脊髓病，具有广泛的鉴别诊断，其中许多疾病最近已被识别。及时识别这些脊髓病非常重要，因为其中一些是可以治疗的，这可以改善患者的治疗结果并预防残疾。