In this paper, the 36 topsoil (0–10 cm) samples were collected and the contents of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were analyzed. The results indicated that the contents of Cu and As in all samples exceeded the soil background values of Anhui province, while the Co and Pb contents were lower than the background values. Geo-statistics and positive matrix factorization were applied to identify the sources of soil heavy metals, which were nature factor (15.7%), industrial activities (21.2%), coal mine (50.9%) and traffic emission (12.2%), respectively. The calculation results of health risk model based on positive matrix factorization model showed that coal mine activities accounted for the largest proportion of total source contribution, followed by industrial activities. In addition, compared with adults, the trend of health risk of children from four sources in three lands were same as adults, but their health risk was higher than adults.