This paper investigates aquatic resource exploitation at the Late Natufian site (ca. 12,000 cal. BP) of Nahal Ein Gev II located 2 km east of the Sea of Galilee. Aquatic game, here fish and waterfowl, were an important component of the diverse small game resources that became important in the Late Epipaleolithic in Southwest Asia. We characterize local adaptations to the aquatic habitat and their economic and social implications at Nahal Ein Gev II. Taxonomic abundance and diversity, body-part representation, and fish body-size were investigated to evaluate the contribution of aquatic resources to human diets and butchery and transport strategies. Our results show that the residents of Nahal Ein Gev II were highly selective of the aquatic resources they captured and transported home. The hunters maximized foraging efficiency by nearly exclusively choosing the largest bodied species of fish and waterfowl and processing their carcasses to maximize meat utility before transporting them back to the site. The selectivity of these human foragers enables us to reconstruct rare details about the organization of forays for aquatic resources. When combined with evidence from other material classes from Nahal Ein Gev II and other sites, the results suggest that aquatic resource exploitation is only one of several specialized activities practiced at Nahal Ein Gev II. These along with other archaeological evidence provide evidence of task diversification that foreshadows the emergence of a more complex division of labor to come in the succeeding Neolithic period.

本文研究了位于加利利海以东2公里处的纳哈尔·恩·盖夫二世的纳图芬后期遗址（约BP 12,000 cal。BP）的水生资源开发。水生动物，这里是鱼和水禽，是多样化小型动物资源的重要组成部分，这些资源在西南亚的旧石器时代晚期变得很重要。我们在纳哈尔·埃因·吉夫二世（Nahal Ein Gev II）上描述了当地对水生生境的适应及其对经济和社会的影响。调查了生物分类的丰富性和多样性，身体部位的代表以及鱼的体型，以评估水生资源对人类饮食以及屠宰和运输策略的贡献。我们的结果表明，Nahal Ein Gev II的居民对捕获和运输到家中的水生资源具有高度的选择性。猎人几乎完全选择最大的鱼类和水禽，并加工尸体以最大程度地利用肉类，然后再将它们运回现场，从而使觅食效率最大化。这些人类觅食者的选择性使我们能够重建有关水生资源捕食组织的稀有细节。与纳哈尔·埃因·吉夫二世和其他地点的其他物质类别的证据相结合时，结果表明，水生资源开发只是纳哈尔·埃因·吉夫二世进行的几种专门活动之一。这些以及其他考古学证据提供了任务多样化的证据，预示了随后的新石器时代将出现更为复杂的分工。