Soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum was observed in various crops which lead to yield shortages and economic losses. Therefore, both in vitro and in vivo experiments, aim to assess the effect of nanoparticles and biological treatments to control soft rot disease in sugar beet plant. The treatments comprised three silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) concentrations (50, 75, and 100 ppm), three Spirulina platensis extract concentrations (50, 75, and 100%), and Bacillus subtilis (1 × 109 CFU ml) 100%. Under in vitro condation, results of the antibacterial activity showed that the zones of inhibition recorded 4.33 cm for 100 ppm Ag NPs, 0.43 cm for 100% algal extract, and 0.2 cm for bacterial treatments. Also, disease incidence % of bacterial soft rot was significantly decreased in all treatments in pot and field experiments. For resistant enzymes activity, B. subtilis 100% showed the most effect (84 mg min−1), followed by S. platensis extract 75%, (57 mg min−1), and Ag NPs 75 ppm (44 mg min−1), for poly phenol oxidase (PPO) at 81 days after sowing (DAS), but at 102 DAS revealed opposite results. On the contrary, peroxidase (PO) at 81 DAS showed different effects where treatment with S. platensis extract 100% increased it significantly (0.546 mg min−1) compared to control (0.535 mg min−1). The same trend was observed at 102 DAS. These results were reflected on sugar quality where Ag NPs 100 ppm treatment recorded the highest significant value (20.5%) followed by S. platensis 75% (19 %); however, the differences among them were not statistically significant. This study indicated that the potential benefits of using silver nanoparticles and two biological treatments to control soft rot disease in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L).

中文翻译：

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银纳米颗粒和两种生物处理方法对控制甜菜（Beta vulgaris L）软腐病的影响

在各种农作物中都观察到了由胡萝卜腐菌引起的软腐病，导致单产短缺和经济损失。因此，在体外和体内实验中，旨在评估纳米颗粒和生物处理对甜菜植物软腐病的防治效果。处理包括三种浓度的银纳米颗粒（Ag NPs）（50、75和100 ppm），三种螺旋藻提取物浓度（50、75和100％）和枯草芽孢杆菌（1×109 CFU ml）。在体外条件下，抗菌活性的结果表明，对于100 ppm Ag NPs，抑制区域记录为4.33 cm，对于100％藻类提取物记录为0.43 cm，对于细菌处理记录为0.2 cm。另外，在盆栽和田间试验的所有处理中，细菌软腐病的发病率均显着降低。对于抗性酶活性，枯草芽孢杆菌100％表现出最大的作用（84 mg min-1），其次是白芥提取物75％（57 mg min-1）和Ag NPs 75 ppm（44 mg min-1） ），对于播种后81天（DAS）的多酚氧化酶（PPO），而在102天DAS则显示相反的结果。相反，在81 DAS处的过氧化物酶（PO）显示出不同的作用，与对照（0.535 mg min-1）相比，用100％的链球菌提取物处理显着增加了（0.546 mg min-1）。在102 DAS处观察到相同的趋势。这些结果反映在糖质量上，其中银纳米颗粒100 ppm处理记录了最高的最高值（20.5％），其次是白麦草75％（19％）；但是，它们之间的差异在统计上并不显着。