Therapies targeting neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases are hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). During the last decades, several approaches have been developed to overcome the BBB, such as the use of nanoparticles (NPs) based on biomaterials, or alternative methods to open the BBB. In this review, we briefly highlight these strategies and the most recent advances in this field. Limitations and advantages of each approach are discussed. Combination of several methods such as functionalized NPs targeting the receptor-mediated transcytosis system with the use of magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) might be a promising strategy to develop theranostic tools as well as to safely deliver therapeutic molecules, such as drugs, neurotrophic factors or antibodies within the brain parenchyma.

血脑屏障 (BBB) 的存在阻碍了针对阿尔茨海默病或帕金森病等神经系统疾病的治疗。在过去的几十年里，已经开发了几种方法来克服 BBB，例如使用基于生物材料的纳米粒子 (NP)，或打开 BBB 的替代方法。在这篇综述中，我们简要强调了这些策略以及该领域的最新进展。讨论了每种方法的局限性和优点。将几种方法（例如靶向受体介导的胞吞作用系统的功能化 NP）与使用磁共振成像引导的聚焦超声 (FUS) 相结合，可能是开发治疗诊断工具以及安全递送治疗分子（如药物）的一种很有前景的策略,