Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a common organ-specific autoimmune disease with a high incidence among women of childbearing age. Recent studies have reported that women with AIT are more susceptible to infertility, miscarriage and preterm birth. It has been investigated that abnormal changes in maternal immune system and maternal–fetal interface can dampen the immune tolerance between mother and fetus, which underlie the pathogenesis of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hence, we summarize the immunological changes related to adverse reproductive outcomes in AIT and highlight the respective contributions of both humoral and cellular immune dysfunctions to pregnancy failures. Moreover, the direct impacts of AIT on maternal–fetal immune activation and biological influences to trophoblasts are discussed as well. All these associations require confirmation in larger studies, and the pathogenic mechanisms need to be better understood, which might provide useful information for clinical diagnosis and therapy of AIT.

自身免疫性甲状腺炎（AIT）是常见的器官特异性自身免疫性疾病，在育龄妇女中发病率很高。最近的研究报告说，患有AIT的女性更容易受到不育，流产和早产的影响。研究表明，母体免疫系统和母婴界面的异常变化会减弱母婴间的免疫耐受，这是不良妊娠结局的发病机理。因此，我们总结了与AIT不良生殖结果相关的免疫学变化，并强调了体液和细胞免疫功能障碍对妊娠失败的各自贡献。此外，还讨论了AIT对母婴免疫激活的直接影响以及对滋养细胞的生物学影响。