Malaria vector control in Mali relies heavily on the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) in selected districts. As part of strengthening vector control strategies in Koulikoro district, the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) through the support from the US President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) has strategically driven the implementation of IRS, with the LLINs coverage also rising from 93.3% and 98.2%. Due to the increased reports of vector resistance to both pyrethroid and carbamates, there was a campaign for the use of pirimiphos-methyl, an organophosphate at Koulikoro between 2015 and 2016. In this study, the effect of IRS on malaria transmission was assessed, by comparing some key entomological indices between Koulikoro, where IRS was implemented and its neighboring district, Banamba that has never received IRS as vector control intervention. The study was conducted in two villages of each district (Koulikoro and Banamba). Pyrethrum spray catches and entry window trapping were used to collect mosquitoes on a monthly basis. WHO tube tests were carried out to assess mosquito susceptibility to insecticides. Mosquitoes were identified to species level by PCR and their infection to P. falciparum was detected by Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Of the 527 specimens identified, An. coluzzii was the most frequent species (95%) followed by An. gambiae (4%) and An. arabiensis (1%). Its density was rainfall dependent in the no-IRS area, and almost independent in the IRS area. The infection rate (IR) in the no-IRS area was 0.96%, while it was null in the IRS area. In the no-IRS area, the entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was 0.21 infective bites /person month with a peak in September. High resistance to pyrethroids and carbamates and susceptibility to organophosphates was observed at all sites. The introduction of pirimiphos-methyl based IRS for vector control resulted in a significant decrease in malaria transmission. An. gambiae s.l., the main malaria vector in the area, was resistant to pyrethroids and carbamates but remained susceptible to the organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl.

马里的疟疾病媒控制在很大程度上依赖于在选定地区使用长效杀虫网（LLIN）和室内滞留喷洒（IRS）。作为加强库利科罗地区病媒控制战略的一部分，在美国总统疟疾倡议 (PMI) 的支持下，国家疟疾控制计划 (NMCP) 战略性地推动了 IRS 的实施，LLIN 覆盖率也从 93.3% 上升到 98.2% %。由于病媒对拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯耐药性的报道增多，2015 年至 2016 年间，Koulikoro 开展了一项使用甲基嘧啶磷（一种有机磷酸酯）的运动。在这项研究中，评估了 IRS 对疟疾传播的影响，方法是：比较了实施 IRS 的库利科罗 (Koulikoro) 和从未接受过 IRS 作为病媒控制干预的邻近地区巴南巴 (Banamba) 之间的一些关键昆虫学指数。该研究在每个区的两个村庄（Koulikoro 和 Banamba）进行。每月使用除虫菊喷雾捕捉和入口窗户诱捕来收集蚊子。世界卫生组织进行了试管测试，以评估蚊子对杀虫剂的敏感性。通过 PCR 对蚊子进行物种鉴定，并通过酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 检测其对恶性疟原虫的感染。在已识别的 527 个样本中， An. coluzzii是最常见的物种 (95%)，其次是An.冈比亚(4%) 和An.阿拉伯树(1%)。在无 IRS 区域，其密度与降雨量相关，而在 IRS 区域，其密度几乎无关。无IRS地区的感染率为0.96%，而IRS地区则为零。在无IRS地区，昆虫接种率（EIR）为0。感染性叮咬/人月 21 次，高峰出现在 9 月份。在所有地点都观察到对拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯的高抗性以及对有机磷酸酯的敏感性。引入基于甲基嘧啶磷的 IRS 用于病媒控制，导致疟疾传播显着减少。一个。冈比亚sl是该地区的主要疟疾病媒，对拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯具有抗药性，但仍然对甲基有机磷嘧啶磷敏感。