Abstract

The materials of long-term observations at water balance stations in the Don basin confirm the existence of climate changes, which have led to changes in water runoff formation and other water balance elements. It is shown that the major changes in the hydrological regime of water bodies have been induced by the weakening of the effect of cryogenic regulation of water exchange in the basin. This can be seen in two processes: an increase in the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation into aeration zone and groundwater and better drainage of groundwater by the hydrographic network. The first process dominates in the initial period, leading to an increase in the share of surface runoff, a rise in groundwater table, i.e., an increase in groundwater inflow into rivers. Later, the contribution of the second process increases, resulting in a decrease in groundwater reserves in the basin and a drop of groundwater table and river runoff in the dry season. The budget of the processes of replenishment and drawdown of groundwater recovers after the cessation of the formation of cryogenic phenomena in the river basin caused by phase transitions in water–ice (snow)–water system. It is very likely that the transformation of these processes is now coming to an end.

中文翻译：

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利用中Don盆地中部水平衡站的数据对水分循环过程的长期变化

摘要

在Don盆地水平衡站进行的长期观测资料证实了气候变化的存在，这导致了水径流形成和其他水平衡要素的变化。结果表明，流域水交换的低温调节作用减弱，导致水体水文状况发生了重大变化。这可以从两个过程中看出：增加大气降水进入通气区和地下水的渗透，以及通过水文网络更好地排放地下水。第一个过程在初期占主导地位，导致地表径流份额增加，地下水位上升，即流入河流的地下水增加。后来，第二个过程的贡献增加了，结果导致流域地下水储量减少，干旱季节地下水位下降，河流径流减少。在水-冰（雪）-水系统的相变引起的流域低温现象停止后，恢复了补充和减少地下水的过程预算。这些过程的转型很可能即将结束。