Vineyard and olive farming are deeply rooted in the economy, culture, and even the welfare of Mediterranean countries. Although numerous approaches and methods were developed to valorize their agricultural residues, several challenges remain to overcome moving towards the Circular Economy (CE). Conventional treatments of winery and olive mill wastes are becoming increasingly expensive, demanding significant amounts of effort, resources, and energy for safe waste discharge. Therefore, the need to recycle, reuse, and recover energy and valuable biocompounds from the wastes of these two sectors become apparent. In the context of increasing waste production, climate change, coupled with dramatic rises in demand from a much larger global population and customers, CE offers the prospect of a better future. Microbes are able to produce diverse biosurfactants (BS) containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties that could interact with surfaces, lower surface and interfacial tensions, form micelles, and emulsify immiscible substances. Among several BS classes, rhamnolipids are glycolipids produced by some gram-negative bacteria with various potential applications in numerous fields, including bioremediation of contaminated soils. In contrast to several biosurfactants, this particular class of glycolipids is among the economically competitive biomolecules with its synthetic equivalents. For that, we highlighted the main opportunities, the challenges, and the future aspects towards the production of this particular type of glycolipids using winery and olive oil wastes. Therefore, we proposed the critical points that should be assumed through the path of successful strategies for rhamnolipid production using these two potential agricultural residues. This review might help at boosting the current attempts to find novel CE models.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

---

酿酒厂和橄榄油残留物中生产鼠李糖脂和其他生物表面活性剂的潜力：迈向实现循环经济模式的一步

葡萄园和橄榄种植深深植根于地中海国家的经济，文化甚至福利。尽管开发了许多方法来评估其农业残留物，但要克服向循环经济（CE）的转变，仍存在一些挑战。酿酒厂和橄榄厂废料的常规处理方法变得越来越昂贵，需要大量的精力，资源和能量来安全地排放废料。因此，从这两个部门的废物中回收，再利用和回收能源和有价值的生物化合物的需求变得显而易见。在废物产生量增加，气候变化以及全球人口和客户需求大幅增加的背景下，消费电子提供了更美好未来的前景。微生物能够产生包含亲水性和疏水性部分的多种生物表面活性剂（BS），它们可以与表面相互作用，降低表面和界面张力，形成胶束并乳化不混溶的物质。在几种BS类中，鼠李糖脂是某些革兰氏阴性细菌产生的糖脂，在许多领域都有潜在的应用，包括对受污染土壤的生物修复。与几种生物表面活性剂相反，这一类糖脂及其合成等价物在经济上具有竞争力的生物分子中。为此，我们强调了利用酿酒厂和橄榄油废料生产这种特殊类型糖脂的主要机遇，挑战和未来方面。因此，我们提出了使用这两种潜在的农业残留物成功实施鼠李糖脂生产的策略应假定的关键点。这篇综述可能有助于促进当前寻找新颖CE模型的尝试。

图形摘要