We present a summary of Puccinia triticina virulence surveys in former Czechoslovakia and Czech Republic from the 1960s to 2019. Cultivars Malakoff, Carina, Brevit, Webster, Loros, Mediterranean, Hussar, Democrat and, later Salzmünder Bartweizen, were used as differentials until 2002. Thereafter tests were carried out on Thatcher near-isogenic lines (NILs) possessing resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b , Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr10, Lr11, Lr13, Lr15, Lr17a, Lr19, Lr21, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr28. In tests with differential cultivars, races 14, 77, 61, 53 and 2 progressively prevailed, first avirulent to cultivar Salzmünder Bartweizen and later virulent. In tests with NILs the average virulence frequency to most Lr lines was above 50%. Virulences below 50% included Lr2a , Lr2b , Lr2c , Lr24 and Lr28, and below 1% Lr9 and Lr19. During the 1960s and 1970s Lr3a and Lr26 were commonly used resistance genes. In the first decades of the 21st century genes Lr37 and Lr10 prevailed. We used molecular markers to postulate the presence of Lr1, Lr3a, Lr10, Lr24, Lr26 , Lr28, Lr34 and Lr37 in winter wheat cultivars registered in the Czech Republic.

中文翻译：

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1966-2019 年捷克共和国小麦锈菌种群的毒力和注册品种的抗性基因

我们总结了 1960 年代至 2019 年前捷克斯洛伐克和捷克共和国的小麦锈菌毒力调查。直到 2002 年，栽培品种 Malakoff、Carina、Brevit、Webster、Loros、Mediterranean、Hussar、Democrat 和后来的 Salzmünder Bartweizen 都被用作差异。此后对具有抗性基因 Lr1、Lr2a、Lr2b、Lr2c、Lr3a、Lr9、Lr10、Lr11、Lr13、Lr15、Lr17a、Lr19、Lr21、Lr23、Lr28 和 Lr24、 . 在用差异栽培品种进行的试验中，14、77、61、53 和 2 种逐渐占优势，首先对栽培品种 Salzmünder Bartweizen 无毒，然后是毒力。在 NIL 测试中，大多数 Lr 系的平均毒力频率高于 50%。低于 50% 的毒力包括 Lr2a、Lr2b、Lr2c、Lr24 和 Lr28，以及低于 1% 的 Lr9 和 Lr19。在 1960 年代和 1970 年代，Lr3a 和 Lr26 是常用的抗性基因。在 21 世纪的头几十年，基因 Lr37 和 Lr10 盛行。我们使用分子标记来假设在捷克共和国注册的冬小麦品种中存在 Lr1、Lr3a、Lr10、Lr24、Lr26、Lr28、Lr34 和 Lr37。