The endophytic microbiome uses mechanisms such as the secretion of diffusible antibiotic molecules, synthesis and release of volatile organic compounds, and/or toxins to protect plants. The aim of this research was to study the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile as well as the diffusible secondary metabolites produced and released by endophytic bacteria isolated from tomato plants that in in-vitro assays prevented growth of pathogenic fungi. Bacteria belonging to seven genera ( Acinetobacter , Arthrobacter , Bacillus , Microbacterium , Pantoea , Pseudomonas , and Stenotrophomonas ) were isolated from different tissues of tomato plants with and without symptoms of Gray leaf spot, a disease provoked by Stemphylium lycopersici . In vitro, antagonistic assays were performed and the effect of volatile and soluble compounds released by endophytic bacteria on the growth of pathogenic fungi was determined. The VOCs synthesized by the endophytes were extracted, identified and quantified. These isolates representatives of seven bacterial genera inhibited the growth of three fungal pathogens of tomato S. lycopersici , Alternaria alternata and Corynespora cassiicola , which was related to the synthesis of soluble compounds as well as VOCs. Endophytes synthesize and release different VOCs, probably due to the different type of interaction that each bacterium establishes with the fungus, presenting a range of fungal growth inhibition.

中文翻译：

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番茄内生菌（Solanum lycopersici L.）合成和释放的挥发性有机化合物谱及其拮抗作用

内生微生物组利用可扩散的抗生素分子的分泌、挥发性有机化合物和/或毒素的合成和释放等机制来保护植物。本研究的目的是研究挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的分布以及从番茄植株中分离的内生细菌产生和释放的可扩散次级代谢物，这些内生细菌在体外试验中阻止了病原真菌的生长。从番茄植株的不同组织中分离出属于七个属（不动杆菌属、节杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、微杆菌属、泛菌属、假单胞菌属和窄养单胞菌属）的细菌，有或没有灰斑病症状，这是一种由番茄干叶菌引起的疾病。体外，进行了拮抗试验，并确定了内生细菌释放的挥发性和可溶性化合物对病原真菌生长的影响。对内生菌合成的VOCs进行提取、鉴定和定量。这些代表七个细菌属的分离物抑制了番茄 S. lycopersici、Alternaria alternata 和 Corynespora cassiicola 三种真菌病原体的生长，这与可溶性化合物和 VOC 的合成有关。内生菌合成和释放不同的 VOC，这可能是由于每种细菌与真菌建立的相互作用类型不同，表现出一系列的真菌生长抑制作用。这些代表七个细菌属的分离物抑制了番茄 S. lycopersici、Alternaria alternata 和 Corynespora cassiicola 三种真菌病原体的生长，这与可溶性化合物和 VOC 的合成有关。内生菌合成和释放不同的 VOC，这可能是由于每种细菌与真菌建立的相互作用类型不同，表现出一系列的真菌生长抑制作用。这些代表七个细菌属的分离物抑制了番茄 S. lycopersici、Alternaria alternata 和 Corynespora cassiicola 三种真菌病原体的生长，这与可溶性化合物和 VOC 的合成有关。内生菌合成和释放不同的 VOC，这可能是由于每种细菌与真菌建立的相互作用类型不同，表现出一系列真菌生长抑制。