Water is essential for irrigation, drinking and industrial purposes from global to the regional scale. The groundwater considered a significant water resource specifically in regions where the surface water is not sufficient. Therefore, the research problem is focused on district-wise sustainable groundwater management due to urbanization. The number of impervious surface areas like roofing on built-up areas, concrete and asphalt road surface were increased due to the level of urban development. Thus, these surface areas can inhibit infiltration and surface retention by the impact of urbanization because vegetation/forest areas are decreased. The present research examines the district-wise spatiotemporal groundwater storage (GWS) changes under terrestrial water storage using the global land data assimilation system-2 (GLDAS-2) catchment land surface model (CLSM) from 2000 to 2014 in West Bengal, India. The objective of the research is mainly focused on the delineation of groundwater stress zones (GWSZs) based on ten biophysical and hydrological factors according to the deficiency of groundwater storage using the analytic hierarchy process by the GIS platform. Additionally, the spatiotemporal soil moisture (surface soil moisture, root zone soil moisture, and profile soil moisture) changes for the identification of water stress areas using CLSM were studied. Finally, generated results were validated by the observed groundwater level and groundwater recharge data. The sensitivity analysis has been performed for GWSZs mapping due to the deficit of groundwater storage. Three correlation coefficient methods (Kendall, Pearson and Spearman) are applied for the interrelationship between the most significant parameters for the generation of GWSZ from sensitivity analysis. The results show that the northeastern (max: 1097.35 mm) and the southern (max: 993.22 mm) parts have high groundwater storage due to higher amount of soil moisture and forest cover compared to other parts of the state. The results also show that the maximum and minimum total annual groundwater recharge shown in Paschim Medinipore [(361,148.51 hectare-meter (ham)] and Howrah (31,510.46 ham) from 2012 to 2013. The generated outcome can create the best sustainable groundwater management practices based upon the human attitude toward risk.

从全球到区域范围，水对于灌溉，饮用水和工业目的都是必不可少的。地下水被认为是重要的水资源，特别是在地表水不足的地区。因此，研究问题集中在城市化带来的区域性可持续地下水管理上。由于城市发展水平，不透水表面的数量（如建筑面积的屋顶，混凝土和沥青路面）增加了。因此，由于减少了植被/森林面积，这些表面积可以通过城市化的影响来抑制渗透和表面滞留。本研究使用2000年至2014年印度西孟加拉邦的全球土地数据同化系统2（GLDAS-2）流域地表模型（CLSM），研究了陆地储水条件下地区性时空地下水储量（GWS）的变化。该研究的目标主要是利用GIS平台的层次分析法，根据地下水储量的不足，基于十个生物物理和水文因素，勾画出地下水压力区（GWSZs）。此外，研究了时空土壤水分（表层土壤水分，根区土壤水分和剖面土壤水分）的变化，以利用CLSM识别水分胁迫区域。最后，通过观察到的地下水位和地下水补给数据验证了产生的结果。由于地下水储量不足，已对GWSZs作了敏感性分析。三种相关系数方法（Kendall，Pearson和Spearman）被应用于敏感性分析中生成GWSZ的最重要参数之间的相互关系。结果表明，与该州其他地区相比，东北地区（最大：1097.35毫米）和南部地区（最大：993.22毫米）具有较高的地下水存储量，这是因为土壤水分和森林覆盖率更高。结果还显示，从2012年到2013年，Paschim Medinipore [（361,148.51公顷）（ham）]和Howrah（31,510.46 ham）中显示的最大和最小年度总地下水补给。所产生的结果可以创建基于最佳可持续地下水管理做法人类对风险的态度。