The emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs has made the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) very challenging. Among natural substances, biosurfactants (BS) produced by Lactobacillus have gained increasing interest in counteracting Candida infections for their proven anti-adhesive properties and safety profile. In the present study, liposomes (LP-BS) or liposomes coated with hyaluronic acid (HY-LP-BS) were prepared in the presence of the BS isolated from the vaginal strain Lactobacillus crispatus BC1 and characterized in terms of size, ζ potential, stability and mucoadhesion. The anti-biofilm activity of free BS, LP-BS and HY-LP-BS was investigated against different Candida albicans and non-albicans strains (C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis), clinically isolated from patients affected by VVC. The inhibition of biofilm formation and the dispersal of pre-formed biofilm were evaluated. The obtained phospholipid vesicles showed suitable size for vaginal application and good stability over the storage period. HY-LP-BS exhibited good mucoadhesive properties and the best anti-biofilm profile, both in preventing or limiting the surface colonization by a broad spectrum of Candida species. In conclusion, the formulation of a novel antifungal agent derived from the vaginal microbiota into mucoadhesive nanocarriers appears to be a promising biotherapeutic strategy to counteract vulvovaginal candidiasis.

中文翻译：

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透明质酸传递的crispactatus laccobacus crispatus BC1生物表面活性剂：抵消念珠菌生物膜的先进策略。

对抗真菌药物的抗性的出现使得外阴阴道念珠菌病（VVC）的治疗非常具有挑战性。在天然物质中，乳杆菌生产的生物表面活性剂（BS）因其经证明的抗粘着性和安全性而对抵抗念珠菌感染越来越感兴趣。在本研究中，脂质体（LP-BS）或涂有透明质酸的脂质体（HY-LP-BS）是在从阴道菌株Lastobacillus crispatus BC1分离出的BS存在下制备的，并根据大小，ζ电位，稳定性和粘膜粘附性。研究了游离BS，LP-BS和HY-LP-BS对白色念珠菌和非白色念珠菌的抗生物膜活性株（光滑念珠菌，C.葡萄牙念珠菌，热带念珠菌，克柔念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌），临床上从受VVC患者中分离。评价了对生物膜形成的抑制作用和预先形成的生物膜的分散性。所获得的磷脂囊泡显示出适合阴道使用的大小，并且在整个储存期间具有良好的稳定性。HY-LP-BS在预防或限制广谱念珠菌的表面定殖方面均表现出良好的粘膜粘附特性​​和最佳的抗生物膜特性种类。总之，从阴道菌群衍生的新型抗真菌剂在粘膜粘附性纳米载体中的制备看来是对抗外阴念珠菌病的一种有前途的生物治疗策略。