ABSTRACT

Rapid industrialization at Kuala Langat, Selangor have raised environmental and health concerns among the public. Surface sediments from a total of 10 stations, covering the upstream and downstream sites near to plastic recycling factories along Langat River were collected and analyzed for its physicochemical properties, bioavailable heavy metals concentration and pollution degree. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals was carried out using several pollution indices such as geoaccumulation index (${\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{o}}$), contamination factor (CF), contamination degree (CD), enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). For human health risk assessment, non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) was assessed using hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) whereas carcinogenic risk of heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) was assessed using carcinogenic risk index (RI) and total risk (TR). The heavy metal accumulation in sediments in terms of concentration was in the order of Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd and the mean concentration of the heavy metals were lower than the background value except Pb. The PLI result indicated that the sediment at Langat River was unpolluted but posed low ecological risk by Cr, Cu and Zn, low to moderate ecological risk by Cd, and low to considerable ecological risk by Pb as shown by PERI result. However, non-dietary ingestion of sediment from Langat River showed possible risk of non-carcinogenic effects at certain sites whereas tolerable carcinogenic risk at almost all sites. Organic matter, silt, clay, pH and base saturation showed significant relationship with the heavy metals concentration, indicating the transformation and accumulation factor of heavy metals in river sediment. This study is important to increase the awareness of sediment pollution at Langat River and provide information to the stakeholders in Kuala Langat for future planning and policies to protect the local ecosystem and residents.

摘要

雪兰莪瓜拉兰加特市的快速工业化引起了公众对环境和健康的关注。收集了总共10个站的地表沉积物，这些物覆盖了Langat河沿岸塑料回收工厂附近的上游和下游站点，并对其理化性质，可生物利用的重金属浓度和污染程度进行了分析。重金属的生态风险评估使用了一些污染指数，例如地积累指数（${\mathrm{一世}}_{\mathrm{G}\mathrm{Ë}\mathrm{Ø}}$），污染因子（CF），污染程度（CD），富集因子（EF），污染负荷指数（PLI）和潜在生态风险指数（PERI）。对于人类健康风险评估，使用危险系数（HQ）和危险指数（HI）评估了重金属（镉，铬，铜，铅和锌）的非致癌风险，而重金属（镉，铬和铅的致癌风险） ）是使用致癌风险指数（RI）和总风险（TR）进行评估的。沉积物中重金属的累积浓度按Pb> Zn> Cu> Cr> Cd的顺序排列，除Pb以外，重金属的平均浓度均低于本底值。PLI结果表明，Langat河的沉积物未被污染，但Cr，Cu和Zn的生态风险较低，Cd的生态风险较低至中等，如PERI结果所示，铅对铅的生态风险低至可观。但是，非饮食性摄入朗格河的沉积物在某些场所显示出非致癌作用的可能风险，而在几乎所有场所均具有可忍受的致癌危险。有机质，泥沙，黏土，pH值和碱饱和度与重金属浓度呈显着相关，表明河流沉积物中重金属的转化和富集因子。这项研究对于提高兰加特河对沉积物污染的认识，并为瓜拉兰加特的利益相关者提供信息，以制定保护当地生态系统和居民的未来计划和政策，具有重要意义。从非饮食中摄取朗格河的沉积物可能在某些地点发生非致癌作用的风险，而在几乎所有地点都具有可忍受的致癌风险。有机质，泥沙，黏土，pH值和碱饱和度与重金属浓度呈显着相关，表明河流沉积物中重金属的转化和富集因子。这项研究对于提高兰加特河对沉积物污染的认识，并为瓜拉兰加特的利益相关者提供信息，以制定保护当地生态系统和居民的未来计划和政策，具有重要意义。从非饮食中摄取朗格河的沉积物可能在某些地点发生非致癌作用的风险，而在几乎所有地点都具有可忍受的致癌风险。有机质，泥沙，黏土，pH值和碱饱和度与重金属浓度呈显着相关，表明河流沉积物中重金属的转化和富集因子。这项研究对于提高兰加特河对沉积物污染的认识，并为瓜拉兰加特的利益相关者提供信息，以制定保护当地生态系统和居民的未来计划和政策，具有重要意义。指示了河流沉积物中重金属的转化和聚集因子。这项研究对于提高兰加特河对沉积物污染的认识，并为瓜拉兰加特的利益相关者提供信息，以制定保护当地生态系统和居民的未来计划和政策，具有重要意义。指示了河流沉积物中重金属的转化和聚集因子。这项研究对于提高兰加特河对沉积物污染的认识，并为瓜拉兰加特的利益相关者提供信息，以制定保护当地生态系统和居民的未来计划和政策，具有重要意义。