Objective

Several different animal models are used to study disuse-induced bone loss. This systematic review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the animal models of disuse-induced bone loss and provide a detailed narrative synthesis of each unique animal model.

Methods

PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for animal models of disuse from inception to November 30, 2019. In addition, Google Scholar and personal file archives were searched for relevant publications not indexed in PubMed or Embase. Two reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts for full-text inclusion. Data were extracted using a predefined extraction scheme to ensure standardization.

Results

1964 titles and abstracts were screened of which 653 full-text articles were included. The most common animal species used to model disuse were rats (59%) and mice (30%). Males (53%) where used in the majority of the studies and genetically modified animals accounted for 7%. Twelve different methods to induce disuse were identified. The most frequently used methods were hindlimb unloading (44%), neurectomy (15%), bandages and orthoses (15%), and botulinum toxin (9%). The median time of disuse was 21 days (quartiles: 14 days, 36 days) and the median number of animals per group subjected to disuse was 10 (quartiles: 7, 14). Random group allocation was reported in 43% of the studies. Fewer than 5% of the studies justified the number of animals per group by a sample size calculation to ensure adequate statistical power.

Conclusion

Multiple animal models of disuse-induced bone loss exist, and several species of animals have successfully been studied. The complexity of disuse-induced bone loss warrants rigid research study designs. This systematic review emphasized the need for standardization of animal disuse research and reporting.

中文翻译：

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废用性骨丢失动物模型的系统评价

客观的

几种不同的动物模型用于研究废用性骨质流失。本系统评价旨在全面概述废用性骨质流失的动物模型，并提供每种独特动物模型的详细叙述性综合。

方法

从开始到 2019 年 11 月 30 日，系统地搜索了 PubMed 和 Embase 的废弃动物模型。此外，搜索了 Google Scholar 和个人档案档案中未在 PubMed 或 Embase 中索引的相关出版物。两名审稿人独立审阅标题和摘要以纳入全文。使用预定义的提取方案提取数据以确保标准化。

结果

筛选了1964篇标题和摘要，其中653篇全文被收录。用于模拟废用的最常见动物物种是大鼠 (59%) 和小鼠 (30%)。大多数研究中使用的男性（53%）和转基因动物占7%。确定了 12 种不同的诱导废用方法。最常用的方法是后肢卸载 (44%)、神经切除术 (15%)、绷带和矫形器 (15%) 和肉毒杆菌毒素 (9%)。停用的中位时间为 21 天（四分位数：14 天、36 天），每组停用的动物中位数为 10 头（四分位数：7、14）。43% 的研究报告了随机分组分配。不到 5% 的研究通过样本量计算证明了每组动物数量的合理性，以确保足够的统计能力。

结论

存在多种废用性骨质流失的动物模型，并且已经成功研究了几种动物。废用性骨质流失的复杂性需要严格的研究设计。该系统评价强调了动物废弃研究和报告标准化的必要性。