We report the first thorough seismological study of the Shanghai Tower, the second tallest building in the world, by applying seismic interferometry to ambient noise recorded by a dense seismic array. We extract the building responses by deconvolution of the seismic vibrations for three components of the impulse response functions (IRFs), and retrieve two wave types corresponding to vertical and horizontal wave components that travel along the core tube of the tower. Five new resonant modes are identified here for the first time between 1 and 5 Hz. Displacements for the resonant modes around 1 Hz are strongly attenuated by the passive damper system installed on the top floor of the building. Refuge floors connected to the outrigger trusses system have unique structural properties, characterized by a specific resonant mode, which apparently shifts from 1.8 Hz at the base of the building, to ∼3 Hz at the top. The most interesting observation is the diurnal variation in both the seismic velocities and the mechanical response of the building, which correlates with temperature, and was detected by repeated measurement of coda waves for the IRFs and the horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio. Seismic velocity appears to increase for the structure at midnight due to cooling that drives an increase in rigidity, which reaches a local maximum in the early morning and decreases after sunrise. In summary, our study demonstrates the effective application of seismic ambient‐noise interferometry for structural health monitoring and for hazard assessment for super high‐rise buildings worldwide.

中文翻译：

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使用环境噪声和密集地震阵列的超高层建筑地震监测

我们通过将地震干涉法应用于密集地震阵列记录的环境噪声，报告了对上海塔（世界第二高的建筑物）的首次彻底地震研究。我们通过对脉冲响应函数（IRF）的三个分量的地震振动进行反卷积来提取建筑物响应，并检索与沿塔芯管传播的垂直和水平波分量相对应的两种波类型。首次在1至5 Hz之间识别出五个新的共振模式。安装在建筑物顶楼的无源阻尼器系统可大大衰减1 Hz左右共振模式的位移。连接到支腿桁架系统的避难层具有独特的结构特性，具有特定的共振模式，显然是从建筑物底部的1.8 Hz到顶部的3 Hz。最有趣的观察结果是建筑物的地震速度和机械响应的日变化，这与温度相关，并且通过重复测量IRF和水平与垂直光谱比的尾波来检测到。由于冷却导致刚度增加，冷却导致该结构的地震速度在午夜增加，该刚度在清晨达到局部最大值，而在日出后降低。总而言之，我们的研究证明了地震环境噪声干涉法在全球范围内超高层建筑的结构健康监测和危险评估中的有效应用。最有趣的观察结果是建筑物的地震速度和机械响应的日变化，这与温度有关，并通过重复测量IRF和水平与垂直光谱比的尾波来检测到。由于冷却导致刚度增加，冷却导致该结构的地震速度在午夜增加，该刚度在清晨达到局部最大值，而在日出后降低。总而言之，我们的研究证明了地震环境噪声干涉法在全球范围内超高层建筑的结构健康监测和危险评估中的有效应用。最有趣的观察结果是建筑物的地震速度和机械响应的日变化，这与温度相关，并且通过重复测量IRF和水平与垂直光谱比的尾波来检测到。由于冷却导致刚度增加，冷却导致该结构的地震速度在午夜增加，该刚度在清晨达到局部最大值，而在日出后降低。总而言之，我们的研究证明了地震环境噪声干涉法在全球范围内超高层建筑的结构健康监测和危险评估中的有效应用。并通过重复测量IRF的尾波和水平-垂直光谱比进行检测。由于冷却导致刚度增加，冷却导致该结构的地震速度在午夜增加，该刚度在清晨达到局部最大值，而在日出后降低。总而言之，我们的研究证明了地震环境噪声干涉法在全球范围内超高层建筑的结构健康监测和危险评估中的有效应用。并通过重复测量IRF的尾波和水平-垂直光谱比进行检测。由于冷却导致刚度增加，冷却导致该结构的地震速度在午夜增加，该刚度在清晨达到局部最大值，而在日出后降低。总而言之，我们的研究证明了地震环境噪声干涉测量技术在全球超高层建筑的结构健康监测和危害评估中的有效应用。