Performance characteristics of a car radiator with new radiator coolants of ternary hybrid nanofluid of 0.1% vol.fraction (Al2O3-CuO-TiO2/water) and water is experimentally investigated. Waste heat from the mentioned radiator coolants has been treated as the preheating intake air for a single-cylinder diesel engine, and the performance was evaluated and compared. Furthermore, the numerical analyses were processed through a mixture model and homogeneous model (single-phase) approach techniques. The mixture model revealed a 5% enhancement compared to experimental results and a single-phase homogeneous model with 8.6% and 4.5% higher heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer rate compared to water. Preheating condition in engine enhances engine performance, and 50% engine load reveals a maximum enhancement of 12.54% in brake thermal efficiency at 46.50 °C, with a fuel-saving rate of 14.28% at 8lpm. Also, a variation of CFR and air velocity in a radiator influences positive engine performance. However, energy distribution through the pie chart conveys that the heat transfer rate for THNF increased by 5% compared to water. Therefore, the use of waste heat through THNF radiator coolants for air preheating in engines achieved the enhancement in fuel consumption rate for the same power generation.

中文翻译：

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三元杂化纳米流体对发动机空气预热的冷却系统余热回收的实验和数值研究

实验研究了汽车散热器的性能特征，该散热器具有体积分数为0.1％（Al2O3-CuO-TiO2 /水）和水的三元混合纳米流体的新型散热器冷却剂。来自上述散热器冷却液的废热已作为单缸柴油机的预热进气处理，并对其性能进行了评估和比较。此外，通过混合模型和均质模型（单相）方法对数值分析进行处理。混合模型显示出与实验结果相比提高了5％，而单相均质模型的传热系数和传热率比水提高了8.6％和4.5％。发动机中的预热条件提高了发动机性能，而50％的发动机负载显示最大可提高12。在46.50°C时，制动热效率为54％，在8lpm时，节油率为14.28％。同样，散热器中CFR和空气速度的变化也会影响发动机的正性能。但是，通过饼形图的能量分布表明，与水相比，THNF的传热速率提高了5％。因此，通过THNF散热器冷却液将废热用于发动机中的空气预热，可以提高相同发电量的燃料消耗率。