Oil phase CuInSe2 quantum dots (CISe QDs) were synthesized via a hot-injection method, exhibiting a near-infrared (NIR) emission wavelength of 710[Formula: see text]nm with poor fluorescence intensity. Therefore, we address this challenge by introducing two strategies: doping and ligand exchange. First, Zn was used as a dopant to improve the fluorescent properties of CISe QDs synthesized by the same method. The PL peak position of the resulting Zn–CuInSe (ZnCISe) QDs could be tuned from 600[Formula: see text]nm to 662[Formula: see text]nm, and the PL intensity of the QDs was greatly improved. Except that, this Zn doping strategy can help to improve the fluorescence lifetime and reduce defects, leading to increased quantum yield. Next, the aqueous phase transfer of ZnCISe QDs was achieved through an efficient ligand exchange strategy using glutathione (GSH) as the bifunctional ligand. Mercaptoacetic acid (MPA) was also used as an essential additive for GSH ligand exchange. With this method, we obtained high-quality hydrophilic ZnCISe QDs with particle sizes less than 3[Formula: see text]nm and good monodispersity. In addition, DLS measurements showed a unimodal peak shape of the hydrated ZnCISe QDs in ultrapure water with particle sizes ranging from 7[Formula: see text]nm to 40[Formula: see text]nm. Finally, the cytotoxicity studies revealed that the viabilities of the cells incubated with ZnCISe QDs from 1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL to 18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL remained at levels greater than 90%, which indicates that QDs with good biocompatibility are promising fluorescent probes.

中文翻译：

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通过两种策略提高近红外 CuInSe2 量子点的性能：掺杂和配体交换

油相 CuInSe2量子点（CISe QDs）是通过热注射法合成的，其近红外（NIR）发射波长为710[公式：见正文]nm，荧光强度较差。因此，我们通过引入两种策略来应对这一挑战：掺杂和配体交换。首先，使用Zn作为掺杂剂来改善通过相同方法合成的CISe QD的荧光性能。得到的 Zn-CuInSe (ZnCISe) 量子点的 PL 峰位置可以从 600[公式：见文本]nm 调整到 662[公式：见文本]nm，并且量子点的 PL 强度大大提高。除此之外，这种 Zn 掺杂策略有助于提高荧光寿命并减少缺陷，从而提高量子产率。下一个，ZnCISe QDs 的水相转移是通过使用谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 作为双功能配体的有效配体交换策略实现的。巯基乙酸 (MPA) 也被用作 GSH 配体交换的必要添加剂。通过该方法，我们获得了粒径小于3[公式：见正文]nm且单分散性良好的高质量亲水性ZnCISe量子点。此外，DLS 测量显示超纯水中水合 ZnCISe 量子点的单峰峰形，粒径范围为 7[公式：参见文本]nm 到 40[公式：参见文本]nm。最后，细胞毒性研究表明，与 ZnCISe QDs 一起孵育的细胞的活力从 1[公式：见文本][公式：见文本]g/mL 到 18[公式：见文本][公式：见文本]g/mL保持在90%以上的水平，