Emotion-driven impulse control difficulties are associated with negative psychological outcomes. Extant research suggests that high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) may be indicative of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties and potentially moderated by negative emotion. In the current study, 248 eleven- to 14-year-olds and their parent engaged in a negatively emotionally arousing conflict task at Time 1. Adolescents’ HF-HRV and negative emotional expression and experience were assessed before, during, and/or after the task. Adolescents reported on their levels of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties at Time 1 and one year later. Results revealed that higher levels of HF-HRV reactivity (i.e., higher HF-HRV augmentation) predicted higher levels of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties 1 year later among adolescents who experienced higher negative emotion. These findings suggest that negative emotional context should be considered when examining HF-HRV reactivity as a risk factor for emotion-driven impulse control difficulties and associated outcomes.

情绪驱动的冲动控制困难与消极的心理结果有关。现有研究表明，高频心率变异性 (HF-HRV) 可能表明情绪驱动的冲动控制困难，并可能受到负面情绪的影响。在目前的研究中，248 名 11 至 14 岁的儿童及其父母在时间 1 参与了一项消极情绪激发冲突任务。在之前、期间和/或之后评估了青少年的 HF-HRV 和负面情绪表达和体验任务。青少年在时间 1 和一年后报告了他们情绪驱动的冲动控制困难的程度。结果表明，更高水平的 HF-HRV 反应性（即，HF-HRV 增强）预测 1 年后，在经历较高负面情绪的青少年中，情绪驱动的冲动控制困难水平较高。这些研究结果表明，在检查 HF-HRV 反应性作为情绪驱动的冲动控制困难和相关结果的风险因素时，应考虑负面情绪背景。