Composite insulators, which use high temperature vulcanized (HTV) silicone rubber as shed material, are widely applied in transmission lines. Ice accumulation on their surfaces may inflict flashover accident and even massive power outage. In this study, a superhydrophobic (SH) coating on HTV silicone rubber was fabricated by the sol–gel process combined with the plasma jet treatment method. It was found that the as-prepared SH coating exhibited prominent superhydrophobicity and an excellent self-cleaning property with a water contact angle of 160.15°, a contact angle hysteresis of 0.60°, a sliding angle of 1.8°, and a surface free energy of 0.1421 mN/m. The anti-icing behavior of water droplets on the as-prepared SH coating surface was investigated at a low temperature of −30 °C and compared with that of the HTV silicone rubber surface. The results indicated that the freezing time on the SH coating was postponed obviously and was as long as 150 s. The SH coating surface exhibited about 5.6 times delay in freezing at −30 °C compared with the HTV silicone rubber surface. Furthermore, heterogeneous nucleation theory and heat transfer theory were introduced to explain the difference in freezing time between the as-prepared SH coating and HTV silicone rubber. It could be concluded that the SH coating had a large nucleation free energy barrier and a low heat transfer rate between the droplet and the surface and, thus, was able to effectively delay the freezing time.

中文翻译：

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HTV硅橡胶上超疏水涂层的润湿性和防冰性能

使用高温硫化（HTV）硅橡胶作为防护材料的复合绝缘子已广泛应用于输电线路。它们表面上的冰积聚可能会造成闪络事故，甚至会造成大量停电。在这项研究中，通过溶胶-凝胶工艺结合等离子流处理方法在HTV硅橡胶上制备了超疏水（SH）涂层。发现所制备的SH涂层表现出显着的超疏水性和优异的自清洁性能，水接触角为160.15°，接触角滞后为0.60°，滑动角为1.8°，并且表面自由能为0.1421 mN /米。在-30°C的低温下研究了所制备的SH涂层表面上水滴的防冰性能，并将其与HTV硅橡胶表面的防冰性能进行了比较。结果表明，SH涂层的冻结时间明显推迟，最长可达150 s。与HTV硅橡胶表面相比，SH涂层表面在−30°C下的冷冻延迟约为5.6倍。此外，引入异相成核理论和传热理论来解释所制备的SH涂层与HTV硅橡胶之间的凝固时间差异。可以得出结论，SH涂层具有较大的成核自由能垒，并且液滴与表面之间的传热速率较低，因此能够有效地延迟冷冻时间。与HTV硅橡胶表面相比，在−30°C下冻结延迟了6倍。此外，引入异相成核理论和传热理论来解释所制备的SH涂层与HTV硅橡胶之间的凝固时间差异。可以得出结论，SH涂层具有较大的成核自由能垒，并且液滴与表面之间的传热速率较低，因此能够有效地延迟冷冻时间。与HTV硅橡胶表面相比，在−30°C下冻结延迟了6倍。此外，引入异相成核理论和传热理论来解释所制备的SH涂层与HTV硅橡胶之间的凝固时间差异。可以得出结论，SH涂层具有较大的成核自由能垒，并且液滴与表面之间的传热速率较低，因此能够有效地延迟冷冻时间。