The worldwide shortage of natural sand has created a need for improved methods to create a replacement product. The use of vertical shaft impact (VSI) crushers is one possible solution, since VSI crushers can create particles with a good aspect ratio and smooth surfaces for use in different applications such as in construction. To evaluate the impact a VSI crusher has on the process performance, a more fit-for-purpose model is needed for process simulations. This paper aims to present a modelling framework to improve particle breakage prediction in VSI crushers. The model is based on the theory of energy-based breakage behavior. Particle collision energy data are extracted from discrete element method (DEM) simulations with particle velocities, i.e., rotor speed, as the input. A selection–breakage approach is then used to create the particle size distribution (PSD). For each site, the model is trained with two datasets for the PSDs at different VSI rotor tip speeds. This allows the model to predict the product output for different rotor tip speeds beyond the experimental configurations. A dataset from 24 different sites in Sweden is used for training and validating the model to showcase the robustness of the model. The model presented in this paper has a low barrier for implementation suitable for trying different speeds at existing sites and can be used as a replacement to a manual testing approach.

中文翻译：

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适合过程仿真的通用VSI建模框架

全球范围内天然砂的短缺导致需要改进的方法来生产替代产品。垂直轴冲击式（VSI）破碎机的使用是一种可能的解决方案，因为VSI破碎机可产生具有良好长宽比和光滑表面的颗粒，以用于不同的应用（例如建筑）。为了评估VSI破碎机对过程性能的影响，需要一个更适合用途的模型来进行过程仿真。本文旨在提出一种建模框架，以改善VSI破碎机中的颗粒破损预测。该模型基于基于能量的断裂行为理论。从离散元素方法（DEM）模拟中提取粒子碰撞能量数据，并以粒子速度（即转子速度）作为输入。然后使用选择-破碎方法来创建粒度分布（PSD）。对于每个站点，使用两个不同VSI转子叶尖速度的PSD数据集训练模型。这使模型可以预测超出实验配置的不同转子尖端速度的产品输出。来自瑞典24个不同站点的数据集用于训练和验证模型，以展示模型的鲁棒性。本文介绍的模型在实施方面具有较低的障碍，适合于在现有站点尝试不同的速度，并且可以替代手动测试方法。这使模型可以预测超出实验配置的不同转子尖端速度的产品输出。来自瑞典24个不同站点的数据集用于训练和验证模型，以展示模型的鲁棒性。本文介绍的模型在实施方面具有较低的障碍，适合于在现有站点尝试不同的速度，并且可以替代手动测试方法。这使模型可以预测超出实验配置的不同转子尖端速度的产品输出。来自瑞典24个不同站点的数据集用于训练和验证模型，以展示模型的鲁棒性。本文介绍的模型在实施方面具有较低的障碍，适合于在现有站点尝试不同的速度，并且可以替代手动测试方法。