ABSTRACT

This dermal study tested the potential toxicity of grade 3 (G3) and 4 (G4) organophosphate-containing aircraft engine oils in both new (G3-N, G4-N) and used states (G3-U, G4-U) to alter esterase activities in blood, brain and liver tissues, clinical chemistry parameters, and electrophysiology of hippocampal neurons. A 300 µl volume of undiluted oil was applied in Hill Top Chamber Systems®, then attached to fur-free test sites on backs of male and female Sprague Dawley rats for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 21 days. Recovery rats received similar treatments and kept for 14 days post-exposure to screen for reversibility, persistence, or delayed occurrence of toxicity. In brain, both versions of G3 and G4 significantly decreased (32–41%) female acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity while in males only G3-N and G4-N reduced (33%) AChE activity. Oils did not markedly affect AChE in liver, regardless of gender. In whole blood, G3-U decreased female AChE (29%) which persisted during recovery (32%). G4-N significantly lowered (29%) butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in male plasma, but this effect was resolved during recovery. For clinical chemistry indices, only globulin levels in female plasma significantly increased following G3-N or G4-N exposure. Preliminary electrophysiology data suggested that effects of both versions of G3 and G4 on hippocampal function may be gender dependent. Aircraft maintenance workers may be at risk if precautions are not taken to minimize long-term aircraft oil exposure.

摘要

这项皮肤研究测试了新（G3-N、G4-N）和旧状态（G3-U、G4-U）中含有 3 级 (G3) 和 4 级 (G4) 有机磷的飞机发动机油的潜在毒性，以改变血液、脑和肝组织中的酯酶活性、临床化学参数和海马神经元的电生理学。将 300 µl 体积的未稀释油加入 Hill Top Chamber Systems®，然后附着在雄性和雌性 Sprague Dawley 大鼠背部的无毛测试部位，持续 6 小时/天，每周 5 天，持续 21 天。恢复大鼠接受类似的治疗并在暴露后保持 14 天，以筛选毒性的可逆性、持久性或延迟发生。在大脑中，G3 和 G4 的两种版本都显着降低（32-41%）女性乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性，而在男性中，只有 G3-N 和 G4-N 降低（33%）AChE 活性。无论性别如何，油都不会显着影响肝脏中的 AChE。在全血中，G3-U 降低了女性 AChE (29%)，这在恢复期间持续存在 (32%)。G4-N 显着降低 (29%) 男性血浆中的丁酰胆碱酯酶 (BChE)，但这种影响在恢复过程中得到解决。对于临床化学指标，只有女性血浆中的球蛋白水平在 G3-N 或 G4-N 暴露后显着增加。初步电生理学数据表明，G3 和 G4 版本对海马功能的影响可能与性别有关。如果不采取预防措施以尽量减少长期的飞机油暴露，飞机维修工人可能会处于危险之中。G4-N 显着降低 (29%) 男性血浆中的丁酰胆碱酯酶 (BChE)，但这种影响在恢复过程中得到解决。对于临床化学指标，只有女性血浆中的球蛋白水平在 G3-N 或 G4-N 暴露后显着增加。初步电生理学数据表明，G3 和 G4 版本对海马功能的影响可能与性别有关。如果不采取预防措施以尽量减少长期的飞机油暴露，飞机维修工人可能会处于危险之中。G4-N 显着降低 (29%) 男性血浆中的丁酰胆碱酯酶 (BChE)，但这种影响在恢复过程中得到解决。对于临床化学指标，只有女性血浆中的球蛋白水平在 G3-N 或 G4-N 暴露后显着增加。初步电生理学数据表明，G3 和 G4 版本对海马功能的影响可能与性别有关。如果不采取预防措施以尽量减少长期的飞机油暴露，飞机维修工人可能会处于危险之中。