Atmospheric blocking events: a review,Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Atmospheric blocking events: a review
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 , DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14557
Anthony R Lupo ₁

Affiliation

Even though meteorologists have been aware of atmospheric blocking for more than 100 years, it is a phenomenon still not well forecast or completely understood. Also, while there is not one standard accepted definition, there are some commonalities known about the understanding of blocking behavior. Blocking occurs less often than other destructive phenomena, but globally their occurrence has increased since the beginning of the century. The longevity of blocking means it can negatively impact agricultural and economic activity and human comfort by bringing extreme conditions not only to the areas where they occur but also to locations well upstream and downstream. Additionally, while it is known where blocking occurs and their general character has been well described, operational models still struggle to replicate the intensity and duration even though improvement has been noted in the timing and location of onset. Climatologically, models still underestimate their occurrence. In the last 40 years, investigators have used case study analysis and numerical and theoretical models to understand the onset and maintenance of blocking. Comparatively few have examined block decay. This review endeavors to cover the highlights of the history of blocking investigations, especially in the last few decades, in order to provide an understanding for a more general scientific audience.

中文翻译：

大气阻塞事件：综述

尽管气象学家已经意识到大气阻塞已有 100 多年的历史，但这种现象仍然没有得到很好的预测或完全理解。此外，虽然没有一个标准的公认定义，但在理解阻塞行为方面有一些已知的共性。阻塞发生的频率低于其他破坏性现象，但自本世纪初以来，它们在全球范围内的发生率有所增加。阻塞的持久性意味着它不仅会给发生这种情况的地区带来极端条件，还会给上游和下游的位置带来极端条件，从而对农业和经济活动以及人类舒适度产生负面影响。此外，虽然已知阻塞发生的位置并且它们的一般特征已被很好地描述，尽管已经注意到在发生的时间和地点方面有所改善，但操作模型仍然难以复制强度和持续时间。在气候学上，模型仍然低估了它们的发生。在过去的 40 年中，研究人员使用案例研究分析以及数值和理论模型来了解阻塞的发生和维持。很少有人研究过块衰减。这篇综述努力涵盖阻塞调查历史的亮点，特别是在过去几十年中，以便让更一般的科学观众理解。研究人员使用案例研究分析以及数值和理论模型来了解阻塞的发生和维持。很少有人研究过块衰减。这篇综述努力涵盖阻塞调查历史的亮点，特别是在过去几十年中，以便让更一般的科学观众理解。研究人员使用案例研究分析以及数值和理论模型来了解阻塞的发生和维持。很少有人研究过块衰减。这篇综述努力涵盖阻塞调查历史的亮点，特别是在过去几十年中，以便让更一般的科学观众理解。

更新日期：2020-12-31

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