Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease associated with several intestinal disorders. S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCS) ​​is an amino acid present in Allium cepa L with hypoglycemic effects. However, the effects of SMCS on diabetic intestinal changes are unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of SMCS on duodenal morphology and immunomodulatory markers in diabetic rats. Twenty-six rats were divided into three groups: control (C), diabetic (D) and diabetic +200 mg/kg SMCS (DSM). DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). After 30 days, duodenum samples were processed to assess histopathological and stereological alterations in volume, villus length, and immunohistochemical expression of NF-kB, IL-10, BCL-2, and caspase-3. SMCS reduced hyperglycemia and mitigated the increase in total reference volume of the duodenum, the absolute volume of the mucosa, and the length of the intestinal crypts in the DMS group when compared to D. IL-10 immunostaining was reduced in D when compared to C, while NF-kB was increased in D in comparison to the other groups. SMCS ​​supplementation could decrease the NF-kB immunostaining observed in D. Positive staining for BCL-2 and caspase-3 were not statistically different between groups. In summary, SMCS decreased hyperglycemia and mitigated the morphological changes of the duodenum in diabetic animals, and these beneficial effects can be partially explained by NF-kB modulation.

糖尿病（DM）是一种与多种肠道疾病相关的代谢性疾病。 S-甲基半胱氨酸亚砜（SMCS）是洋葱中存在的一种氨基酸，具有降血糖作用。然而，SMCS 对糖尿病肠道变化的影响尚不清楚。因此，我们的目的是研究 SMCS 对糖尿病大鼠十二指肠形态和免疫调节标志物的影响。将 26 只大鼠分为三组：对照组 (C)、糖尿病组 (D) 和糖尿病+200 mg/kg SMCS (DSM)。通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(50 mg/kg)诱导DM。 30 天后，对十二指肠样本进行处理，以评估体积、绒毛长度以及 NF-kB、IL-10、BCL-2 和 caspase-3 的免疫组织化学表达的组织病理学和体视学变化。与 D 相比，SMCS 降低了高血糖，并减轻了 DMS 组十二指肠总参考体积、粘膜绝对体积和肠隐窝长度的增加。与 C 相比，D 中的 IL-10 免疫染色减少，而与其他组相比，D 组中 NF-kB 增加。补充 SMCS 可以减少 D 中观察到的 NF-kB 免疫染色。BCL-2 和 caspase-3 的阳性染色在组间没有统计学差异。总之，SMCS 降低了糖尿病动物的高血糖并减轻了十二指肠的形态变化，这些有益作用可以部分通过 NF-kB 调节来解释。