The agricultural sector requires a large volume of water (∼70 % of global water), which makes this sector difficult to produce enough food for the rapidly growing population demand with the existing scarce available freshwater source. As a viable alternative water source, urban wastewater reuse is a potential candidate. However, wastewater reuse and disposal before treatment pose a significant threat to human health and ecological systems. This study was aimed to treat urban wastewater using aerobic-anoxic system and then effluent evaluated to grow different vegetables. Wastewater samples collected (Arba Minch town) at nine sites during different seasons were used to characterized water quality (physicochemical and biological) parameters and feed aerobic-anoxic reactors. Health risk as a result of vegetable ingestion was investigated using HRI, THQ, and HI. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variation results were observed for temperature, NH₄-N, NO₂-N, and sodium adsorption ratio. The performance of aerobic-anoxic treatment for COD, BOD₅, TSS, NH₄-N, TN, and TP was 91−94, 92−95, >96, 92, 88, and 58 %, respectively. The order of heavy metals concentration in raw wastewater was Fe > Pb > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cd, which is lower than corresponding heavy metals in vegetables having the order Fe > Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The phytotoxicity effect was significantly higher for cabbage followed by lettuce and tomato. The HRI, THQ, and HI values for Cd and Pb >1.0 (exceeded WHO and FAO limits) for vegetables irrigated with wastewater, which could result in health risk in adults and children. Overall, results confirmed that wastewater after aerobic-anoxic treatment is a sustainable approach to maintain safe environmental and human health.

农业部门需要大量的水（约占全球水的70％），这使得该部门难以生产足够的粮食来满足迅速增长的人口需求和现有的可用淡水源的需求。作为一种可行的替代水源，城市废水回用是一个潜在的选择。但是，废水的再利用和处理前的处置对人类健康和生态系统构成了重大威胁。这项研究旨在使用好氧-缺氧系统处理城市废水，然后评估废水以种植不同的蔬菜。在不同季节在九个地点收集的废水样本（阿巴·明奇镇）用于表征水质（物理化学和生物）参数和需氧厌氧反应器。使用HRI调查了蔬菜摄入对健康的危害，THQ和HI。观察到温度，NH的统计显着性（p <0.05）季节变化结果₄ -N，NO ₂ -N和钠吸附率。好氧-缺氧处理COD，BOD ₅，TSS，NH _4的性能-N，TN和TP分别为91-94、92-95，> 96、92、88和58％。原废水中重金属的浓度顺序为：Fe> Pb> Zn> Mn> Cu> Cd，这低于蔬菜中相应的重金属浓度，其顺序为Fe> Mn> Zn> Pb> Cu> Cd。白菜，生菜和番茄的植物毒性作用明显更高。废水灌溉的蔬菜中Cd和Pb的HRI，THQ和HI值> 1.0（超出WHO和FAO限值），可能导致成人和儿童的健康风险。总体而言，结果证实，需氧-缺氧处理后的废水是维持安全环境和人类健康的可持续方法。