The Eocene limestone aquifer represents a renewable source of groundwater that can be used to enhance the sustainable agriculture at the eastern desert fringes of El Minia Governorate. The current research aims to investigate quantitatively the physicochemical processes which control the chemical composition of groundwater extracted from the Eocene aquifer using the PHREEQC code. The total dissolved solids of the Eocene groundwater range from 453 to 1903 mg/l indicating fresh to slightly brackish water quality. The simulation of the double mixing between rain (or Nile) water with Nubian water reveal that rain or Nile water contribution by 50% or more to the Eocene limestone aquifer system can explain the chemical composition of most groundwater samples of the Eocene aquifer. This means that the contribution from rain or Nile water infiltration to the Eocene aquifer is much more important than upward leakage from the underlying Nubian sandstone aquifer. The triple mixing processes simulation indicate also that the most effective end members of mixing are found to be rain and Nile waters, with some contribution from the groundwater encountered at the Nubian sandstone aquifer. The evaporation of 75%–95% of rain or Nile water explain the chemical content of most water samples which imply that evaporation is a dominant physicochemical process at East of El Minia area due to the elevated air temperature and the exploitation of groundwater at relatively shallow depths. The results of the current geochemical modeling study indicates that there are processes other than evaporation and mixing which affect the groundwater quality of the Eocene aquifer (such as carbonate and sulfate minerals dissolution). Finally, the usage of PHREEQC code in the quantitative assessment of the Eocene aquifer can be applied for similar aquifers and areas surrounding the Nile Valley Region in Egypt. This region comprises six governorates (Beni Suef, El Minia, Assiut, Sohag Qena and Aswan) where 40% of the population of Egypt live.

始新世的石灰岩含水层代表了地下水的可再生资源，可用于增强埃尔米尼亚省东部沙漠边缘的可持续农业发展。当前的研究旨在定量研究理化过程，这些理化过程使用PHREEQC代码控制从始新世含水层提取的地下水的化学组成。始新世地下水的总溶解固体为453至1903 mg / l，表明水质为淡至微咸。雨水（或尼罗河）水与努比亚水之间的双重混合模拟显示，雨水或尼罗河水对始新世石灰岩含水层系统的贡献达到50％或更多，可以解释大多数始新世含水层地下水样品的化学组成。这意味着雨水或尼罗河水的渗透对始新世含水层的贡献比下伏努比亚砂岩含水层的向上泄漏更为重要。三重混合过程模拟还表明，发现混合的最有效端部是雨水和尼罗河水，努比亚砂岩含水层遇到的地下水也有一定贡献。雨水或尼罗河水的75％–95％的蒸发解释了大多数水样品的化学含量，这意味着由于空气温度升高和相对浅的地下水开采，蒸发是El Minia地区东部的主要理化过程。深度。当前地球化学模型研究的结果表明，除了蒸发和混合以外，还有其他过程会影响始新世含水层的地下水质量（例如碳酸盐和硫酸盐矿物质的溶解）。最后，在始新世含水层定量评估中使用PHREEQC代码可适用于埃及尼罗河谷地区周围的类似含水层和地区。该地区包括六个省（贝尼·苏伊夫，埃尔米尼亚，阿西乌特，索哈格·纳和阿斯旺），埃及40％的人口居住在那里。