A network of connected wetlands supports migratory movements of waterfowl. These networks are rapidly changing due to intensive human activities around natural habitats. Quantifying how anthropogenic factors change waterfowl movements via a reduction of habitat availability and quality can facilitate a better understanding of the dynamics of these migration networks, and provide early-warning signals for network collapse. Using satellite tracking data for greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, we tested how environmental factors (i.e., anthropogenic and ecological factors) influence geese movement patterns at stopover sites. We found that these factors, e.g., percentage of farmlands in the landscape, and proximity index of wetland patches, accurately predicted percentage of flying time and the median movement distance of tracked geese at stopover sites. Farmlands may increase energy consumptions in stopover sites because the geese flew more frequently, made longer movements, and switched their behaviour more frequently in landscapes with a higher proportion of farmlands. Goose movements were constrained in natural habitats, as a higher proportion of water and wetlands increased their movements, and thereby increased flying time and median movement distances. We suggest that using environmental factors monitored by remote sensing techniques to predict bird movement patterns is a powerful quantitative tool to measure quality of stopover sites. The changes in environmental factors in these stopover sites can be used as an indicator for the probability of losing a site from a migration network, and thereby generates insights for setting priorities in conservation planning of migratory birds.

相连的湿地网络支持水禽的迁徙。由于周围自然栖息地的人类密集活动，这些网络正在迅速变化。通过减少栖息地的可利用性和质量来量化人为因素如何改变水禽的活动，可以促进人们更好地了解这些迁徙网络的动态，并为网络崩溃提供预警信号。使用卫星跟踪数据获得更大的白额雁（Anser albifrons），我们在东亚-澳大利亚人的空中航行中测试了环境因素（即人为和生态因素）如何影响中途停留地点的鹅的活动方式。我们发现这些因素，例如景观中农田的百分比以及湿地斑块的接近指数，可以准确预测飞行时间的百分比以及中途停留地点追踪的鹅的中位移动距离。农田可能会增加中途停留地点的能源消耗，因为鹅在农田所占比例较高的景观中飞行更频繁，移动时间更长，行为更频繁。鹅的运动受到自然栖息地的限制，因为更大比例的水和湿地增加了它们的运动，从而增加了飞行时间和中位运动距离。我们建议使用遥感技术监测的环境因素来预测鸟类的活动方式，是衡量中途停留地点质量的强大定量工具。这些中途停留站点中环境因素的变化可以用作指示从迁移网络中丢失站点的可能性的指标，从而可以为在候鸟保护规划中确定优先级提供见解。