Interferons (IFNs) are proteins of vital importance in the body's immune response. They are formed in different types of cells and have been found in fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. Two types of IFN have been found in ray-finned fish (Superclass: Osteichthyes, Class: Actinopterygii) so far, i.e. IFN type I (IFN I) and IFN type II (IFN II), while the presence of IFN type III (IFN III), which is found in phylogenetically older cartilaginous fishes, was not confirmed in this taxonomic group of vertebrates. Currently, type I IFN in Actinopterygii is divided into three groups, I, II and III, within which there are subgroups. These cytokines in these animals show primarily antiviral activity through the use of a signalling pathway JAK-STAT (Janus kinases — Signal transducer and activator of transcription) and the ability to induce ISG (IFN-stimulated genes) expression, which contain ISRE complexes (IFN-stimulated response elements). On the other hand, in Perciformes and Cyprinidae, it was found that type I/I interferons also participate in the antimicrobial response, inter alia, by inducing the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and influencing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells carrying out the phagocytosis process.

干扰素（IFN）是人体免疫反应中至关重要的蛋白质。它们形成于不同类型的细胞中，并已在鱼类，两栖动物，爬行动物和哺乳动物中发现。到目前为止，在鱼鳍鱼中发现了两种类型的干扰素（超类：Osteichthyes，类：放线纲），即干扰素I（干扰素I）和干扰素II（干扰素II），而干扰素III（干扰素）的存在在这种系统分类的脊椎动物群中，未发现在系统发育较老的软骨鱼类中发现的III）。目前，放线放线菌中的I型IFN分为三类，I，II和III，其中有亚组。这些动物中的这些细胞因子主要通过使用信号传导途径JAK-STAT（Janus激酶-信号转导子和转录激活子）显示抗病毒活性，并具有诱导包含ISRE复合物（IFN的ISG）（IFN刺激基因）表达的能力。 -刺激的反应元素）。另一方面，在Perciformes和Cyprinidae中，发现I / I型干扰素也参与了抗菌反应，除其他外，通过诱导可诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的表达并影响进行吞噬作用的细胞中活性氧（ROS）的产生。