Little is known about the performance of bioinsecticides in combination with adjuvants approved for organic onion production. To address this issue, two studies were conducted in 2018 and 2019: 1) combinations of four bioinsecticides (Isaria fumosorosea Apopka strain 97, azadirachtin + pyrethrins, azadirachtin, and spinosad) and three adjuvants (pinene polymers, potassium salts of fatty acids, and neem oil) in field trials in New York and Wisconsin, and 2) the same four bioinsecticides co-applied with neem oil as an adjuvant in field trials in New York. In both studies, spinosad was the most effective bioinsecticide, providing the largest reductions in thrips densities (26–85%) and feeding damage (56–69%) and the largest increases in total onion yield (10–26%) compared with the untreated control. Co-applications of spinosad with either neem oil or salts of fatty acids more effectively reduced thrips densities compared with co-applications of spinosad and pinene polymers; however, onion yield was similar regardless of the adjuvant used with spinosad. Isaria fumosorosea Apopka strain 97 and the premix of azadirachtin + pyrethrins did not control thrips. Implications of our results underscore the importance of evaluating the performance of insecticide and adjuvant combinations for optimizing pest management.

关于生物杀虫剂与批准用于有机洋葱生产的佐剂结合使用的性能知之甚少。为了解决这个问题，2018年和2019年进行了两项研究：1）四种生物杀虫剂（Isaria fumosorosea）的组合在纽约和威斯康星州的田间试验中，Apopka 97菌株，印za素+除虫菊酯，印za素和多杀菌素和三种佐剂（pine烯聚合物，脂肪酸钾盐和印em油）以及2种相同的四种生物杀虫剂与印em油在纽约的田间试验中作为佐剂。在这两项研究中，多杀菌素是最有效的生物杀虫剂，与普通杀虫剂相比，其蓟马密度降低最大（26-85％）和进食损伤降低（56-69％），洋葱总产量增加最大（10-26％）。未经处理的对照。与斯诺萨德和pin烯聚合物的共施用相比，斯诺萨德与印em油或脂肪酸盐的共施用更有效地降低了蓟马密度；然而，无论多杀菌素与佐剂一起使用，洋葱的产量都差不多。伊索里亚Apopka菌株97和印za素+除虫菊酯的预混料无法控制蓟马。我们研究结果的含义强调了评估杀虫剂和佐剂组合的性能对优化害虫管理的重要性。