Organs and tissues contain a large number of tissue-resident macrophages (MΦ-Ts), which are essential for regulating homeostasis and ensuring a rapid response to injury. However, the environmental signals shaping MΦ-Ts phenotypes and the contribution of MΦ-Ts to pathological processes are just starting to be identified. MΦ-Ts isolated from aged animals or patients show alterations in morphology and distribution, defects in phagocytosis and autophagy, and loss of tissue-repair capacity. These variations are closely associated with age-associated disorders, such as inflammaging, which is characterized by cell senescence and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and is frequently observed in patients afflicted with chronic diseases. It seems that the role of these resident populations cannot be avoided in the treatment of aging-related diseases. This review will describe the mechanism by which MΦ-Ts support immune homeostasis and will then discuss how MΦ-Ts facilitate inflammaging and age-related diseases, which will be helpful in the development of new interventions and treatments for chronic diseases of the elderly.

器官和组织包含大量的组织驻留巨噬细胞（MΦ-Ts），这对于调节体内稳态和确保对损伤的快速反应至关重要。然而，刚刚开始确定塑造MΦ-Ts表型的环境信号和MΦ-Ts对病理过程的贡献。从年龄较大的动物或患者中分离出的MΦ-Ts表现出形态和分布方面的改变，吞噬作用和自噬缺陷以及组织修复能力的丧失。这些变化与与年龄相关的疾病（例如发炎）密切相关，该疾病的特征在于细胞衰老和衰老相关的分泌表型（SASP），并经常在患有慢性疾病的患者中观察到。这些常住人口在治疗与衰老相关的疾病中的作用似乎不可避免。这篇综述将描述MΦ-Ts支持免疫稳态的机制，然后讨论MΦ-Ts如何促进发炎和与年龄有关的疾病，这将有助于开发针对老年人慢性疾病的新干预措施和治疗方法。