Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely implementable technique that can be applied to many fields, ranging from disease detection to environmental monitoring. EIS as a biosensing tool allows detection of a broad range of target analytes in point-of-care (POC) and continuous applications. The technique is highly suitable for multimarker detection due to its ability to produce specific frequency responses depending on the target analyte and molecular recognition element (MRE) combination. EIS biosensor development has shown promising results for the medical industry in terms of diagnosis and prognosis for various biomarkers. EIS sensors offer a cost-efficient system and rapid detection times using minimal amounts of sample volumes, while simultaneously not disturbing the sample being studied due to low amplitude perturbations. These properties make the technique highly sensitive and specific. This paper presents a review of EIS biosensing advancements and introduces different detection techniques and MREs. Additionally, EIS’s underlying theory and potential surface modification techniques are presented to further demonstrate the technique’s ability to produce stable, specific, and sensitive biosensors.

电化学阻抗谱（EIS）是一种可广泛实施的技术，可应用于从疾病检测到环境监测的许多领域。EIS作为一种生物传感工具，可以在即时医疗点（POC）和连续应用中检测多种目标分析物。由于该技术能够根据目标分析物和分子识别元件（MRE）的组合产生特定的频率响应，因此该技术非常适合于多标记检测。在各种生物标志物的诊断和预后方面，EIS生物传感器的开发已为医疗行业显示出令人鼓舞的结果。EIS传感器提供了一种经济高效的系统，并且使用最少的样本量即可实现快速检测，同时又不会因低振幅扰动而干扰正在研究的样本。这些特性使该技术高度敏感和特异。本文介绍了EIS生物传感的进展，并介绍了不同的检测技术和MRE。此外，还介绍了EIS的基础理论和潜在的表面修饰技术，以进一步证明该技术产生稳定，特异性和灵敏的生物传感器的能力。