An unprecedented heatwave hit central Europe in June 2019 and set record-breaking high temperatures over approximately one-third areas of Europe. The relative role of dynamics and thermodynamics in anchoring this extreme heatwave is investigated via the flow analogue method. It reveals that dynamical processes contributed to 64.7% of the observed temperature anomalies of the event, and thermodynamical processes contributed to the remaining 35.3%. Nevertheless, thermodynamical changes were favorable towards the occurrence of similar events over central Europe in recent decades, whereas dynamical changes acted oppositely. In addition, their relative contributions strongly fluctuated with time, imposing challenges to project how heatwaves will behave on a regional scale.

2019年6月，中欧爆发了前所未有的热浪，并在欧洲大约三分之一的地区创下了破纪录的高温。通过流动模拟方法研究了动力学和热力学在锚定这种极端热浪中的相对作用。结果表明，动力学过程贡献了该事件所观测到的温度异常的64.7％，而热力学过程贡献了其余的35.3％。然而，近几十年来，热力学变化有利于中欧发生类似事件，而动力学变化则相反。此外，它们的相对贡献会随着时间而剧烈波动，从而对预测热浪在区域范围内的行为提出了挑战。