In past years, software used to be the main concern of computer security, and the hardware was assumed to be safe. However, Hardware Trojans, which are a malicious alteration to the circuit, pose a threat to the security of a system. Trojans may be distributed across different components of the system and can bring down the security by communicating with each other. Redundancy and vendor diversity-based methods exist to detect Hardware Trojans, but with an increase in the hardware overhead. This work proposes a novel vendor allocation procedure to reduce the hardware cost that comes with Trojan detection methods. To further reduce the cost by minimizing resource requirements, an evolutionary algorithm-based Design Space Exploration methodology is proposed with options for loop unrolling and operation chaining. For reducing the cost of hardware Trojan detection and isolation, the proposed algorithm extends an existing implementation of Firefly algorithm. The proposed method is compared with the existing algorithms, using cost-based and Pareto-based evaluations. The results obtained demonstrate the ability of the new algorithm in achieving better solutions with a 77% reduction in cost when compared to the previous solutions.

中文翻译：

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降低架构合成过程中硬件木马检测和隔离成本的设计空间探索

在过去的几年里，软件曾经是计算机安全的主要关注点，硬件被认为是安全的。然而，硬件木马是对电路的恶意修改，对系统的安全构成威胁。木马可能分布在系统的不同组件中，并且可以通过相互通信来降低安全性。存在基于冗余和供应商多样性的方法来检测硬件木马，但会增加硬件开销。这项工作提出了一种新颖的供应商分配程序，以降低木马检测方法带来的硬件成本。为了通过最小化资源需求来进一步降低成本，提出了一种基于进化算法的设计空间探索方法，其中包括循环展开和操作链接选项。为了降低硬件木马检测和隔离的成本，所提出的算法扩展了Firefly算法的现有实现。将所提出的方法与现有算法进行比较，使用基于成本和基于帕累托的评估。所获得的结果表明，与以前的解决方案相比，新算法能够以降低 77% 的成本获得更好的解决方案。