It is widely accepted that metabolic changes associated with training are influenced by a person's genetic background. In this review, we explore the polymorphisms underlying interindividual variability in response to training of weight loss and muscle mass increase in obese individuals, with or without lymphedema, and in normal-weight subjects. We searched PubMed for articles in English published up to May 2019 using the following keywords: (((physical training[Title/Abstract] OR sport activity[Title/Abstract]) AND predisposition[Title/Abstract]) AND polymorphism [Title/Abstract]). We identified 38 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that may modulate the genetic adaptive response to training. The identification of genetic marker(s) that improve the beneficial effects of training may in perspective make it possible to assess training programs, which in combination with dietary intervention can optimize body weight reduction in obese subjects, with or without lymphedema. This is particularly important for patients with lymphedema because obesity can worsen the clinical status, and therefore, a personalized approach that could reduce obesity would be fundamental in the clinical management of lymphedema.

中文翻译：

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训练对淋巴水肿相关肥胖患者肌肉和脂肪组织稳态影响的遗传决定因素

人们普遍认为，与训练相关的代谢变化受一个人的遗传背景影响。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了肥胖个体（伴有或不伴有淋巴水肿）和体重正常的个体对体重减轻和肌肉质量增加训练的反应的个体间变异性的多态性。我们使用以下关键字在 PubMed 中搜索了截至 2019 年 5 月发表的英文文章：（（（体育训练[标题/摘要] OR体育活动[标题/摘要]）和易感性[标题/摘要]）和多态性 [标题/摘要] ]）。我们确定了 38 个单核苷酸多态性，这些多态性可能会调节对训练的遗传适应性反应。从长远来看，识别可改善培训有益效果的遗传标记可能使评估培训计划成为可能，与饮食干预相结合可以优化肥胖受试者的体重减轻，无论是否有淋巴水肿。这对淋巴水肿患者尤为重要，因为肥胖会恶化临床状况，因此，可以减少肥胖的个性化方法将是淋巴水肿临床管理的基础。