Nanofluid spray/jet impingement cooling is widespread and finds applications in many scientific and industrial paradigms. Because of these ubiquities of nanofluid spray/jet impingement cooling, this branch of fluid dynamics has attracted great attention from the scientific community. The performance of nanofluid spray/jet impingement cooling very often depends on the nanoparticle concentration, shape, and size of the nanoparticle, as well as the mass flow rate of the nanofluid. These aspects lead to interesting variants of the thermo-hydrodynamic analysis of the nanofluid, which are studied meticulously, and some new functionalities are established such as high heat flux removal capacity, temperature uniformity, lower flow rate demand, and no thermal resistance to the heated test surface. We provide an overview of nanofluid spray/jet impingement cooling with an emphasis on the parametric effects, such as the Reynolds number, jet to test surface distance, the Prandtl number, the confinement of the jets, test plate inclination, and the roughness of the test surface, on the underlying phenomenon. Also, we aptly discuss the essential features of the nanofluid spray/jet impingement cooling, which includes spray properties, cooling fluid properties, substrate properties, and environmental conditions, which affect the heat transfer of spray cooling.

中文翻译：

---

先进的纳米流体喷雾和射流冲击冷却综述

纳米流体喷雾/喷射冲击冷却是广泛的，并在许多科学和工业范例中得到应用。由于纳米流体喷雾/喷射冲击冷却的普遍性，流体动力学的这一分支引起了科学界的极大关注。纳米流体喷雾/喷射撞击冷却的性能通常取决于纳米颗粒的浓度，纳米颗粒的形状和大小以及纳米流体的质量流速。这些方面导致对纳米流体进行热流体动力学分析的有趣变体，对其进行了认真研究，并建立了一些新功能，例如高的热通量去除能力，温度均匀性，较低的流量需求以及对被加热物没有热阻测试表面。我们提供了纳米流体喷雾/喷射撞击冷却的概述，重点是参数效应，例如雷诺数，喷射到测试表面的距离，普朗特数，喷射的局限性，测试板的倾斜度和粗糙度测试表面上的潜在现象。此外，我们恰当地讨论了纳米流体喷雾/喷射撞击冷却的基本特征，其中包括喷雾特性，冷却液特性，基材特性和环境条件，这些条件会影响喷雾冷却的热传递。