Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a well-established spectroscopic technique for electronic structure characterization of rare-earth ion impurities in crystalline and amorphous hosts. EPR spectra of erbium-doped glass matrices and nanocomposites can provide information about local structure variations induced by changes in chemical composition or crystallization processes. Characterization possibilities of Er³⁺ ions in glasses and glass ceramics including direct EPR measurements, indirect investigations via secondary paramagnetic probes, and optically detected magnetic resonance techniques are considered in this article.

中文翻译：

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EPR表征玻璃和玻璃陶瓷中的b

电子顺磁共振（EPR）是一种成熟的光谱技术，用于表征晶体和非晶态主体中的稀土离子杂质的电子结构。掺glass玻璃基质和纳米复合材料的EPR光谱可提供有关由化学成分或结晶过程变化引起的局部结构变化的信息。本文考虑了玻璃和玻璃陶瓷中Er ³⁺离子的表征可能性，包括直接EPR测量，通过次级顺磁探针的间接研究以及光学检测的磁共振技术。