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AO DIVER: Development of a three-dimensional adaptive optics system to advance the depth limits of multiphoton imaging
APL Photonics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 , DOI: 10.1063/5.0032621
S. Leemans 1 , A. Dvornikov 1 , T. Gallagher 2 , E. Gratton 1
Affiliation  

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) can non-invasively measure the dynamic biochemical properties deep in scattering biological samples and has the potential to accelerate clinical research with advances in deep tissue imaging. However, in most samples, the imaging depth of MPM is limited to fractions of a millimeter due to blurring caused by refractive index mismatching throughout tissue and background fluorescence, overshadowing the signal in conventional MPM. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel 3D adaptive optics (AO) system that uses an interpolated network of endogenous guide stars to focus laser light more efficiently into highly scattering samples. The synergistic combination of our AO system with DIVER detection technology enables millimeter-scale imaging with diffraction-limited resolution with optimization times between 15 s and 65 s. We characterized the algorithm and wavefront interpolation performance in a flat 2D sample and in 3D using fluorescent beads embedded in gels of various optical heterogeneity. We also tested the system in biological tissue, improving image brightness by a factor of 5 at depths of ∼0.4 mm in the fresh green fluorescent protein-tagged mouse skin and ∼2 mm in a formalin-fixed yellow fluorescent protein-tagged mouse brain. By collecting forward and back-scattered fluorescence light to optimize the excitation wavefront, AO DIVER allows imaging of the tissue architecture at depths that are inaccessible to conventional multiphoton microscopes.

中文翻译:

AO DIVER:开发三维自适应光学系统以提高多光子成像的深度极限

多光子显微镜(MPM)可以无创地测量散射生物样品深处的动态生化特性,并且随着深层组织成像的进步,具有加速临床研究的潜力。但是,在大多数样品中,由于整个组织的折射率失配和背景荧光导致的模糊,MPM的成像深度仅限于毫米的几分之一,从而使传统MPM中的信号蒙上了阴影。为了克服这些挑战,我们开发了一种新颖的3D自适应光学(AO)系统,该系统使用内生导星的内插网络将激光更有效地聚焦到高度散射的样本中。我们的AO系统与DIVER检测技术的协同结合可实现具有衍射极限分辨率的毫米级成像,优化时间在15 s至65 s之间。我们使用嵌入在各种光学异质性凝胶中的荧光珠,在平坦的2D样本和3D中表征了算法和波前插值性能。我们还在生物组织中对该系统进行了测试,在新鲜的带有绿色荧光蛋白标签的小鼠皮肤中,在约0.4 mm的深度处图像的亮度提高了5倍,在通过福尔马林固定的带有黄色荧光蛋白标签的小鼠脑中,在约2 mm的深度处,图像的亮度提高了5倍。通过收集向前和向后散射的荧光以优化激发波前,AO DIVER可以在常规多光子显微镜无法到达的深度对组织结构进行成像。我们使用嵌入在各种光学异质性凝胶中的荧光珠,在平坦的2D样本和3D中表征了算法和波前插值性能。我们还在生物组织中对该系统进行了测试,在新鲜的带有绿色荧光蛋白标签的小鼠皮肤中,在约0.4 mm的深度处图像的亮度提高了5倍,在通过福尔马林固定的带有黄色荧光蛋白标签的小鼠脑中,在约2 mm的深度处,图像的亮度提高了5倍。通过收集向前和向后散射的荧光以优化激发波前,AO DIVER可以在常规多光子显微镜无法到达的深度对组织结构进行成像。我们使用嵌入在各种光学异质性凝胶中的荧光珠,在平坦的2D样本和3D中表征了算法和波前插值性能。我们还在生物组织中对该系统进行了测试,在新鲜的带有绿色荧光蛋白标签的小鼠皮肤中,在约0.4 mm的深度处图像的亮度提高了5倍,在通过福尔马林固定的带有黄色荧光蛋白标签的小鼠脑中,在约2 mm的深度处,图像的亮度提高了5倍。通过收集向前和向后散射的荧光以优化激发波前,AO DIVER可以在常规多光子显微镜无法到达的深度对组织结构进行成像。在新鲜的带有绿色荧光蛋白标签的小鼠皮肤中,在约0.4 mm的深度处将图像亮度提高了5倍,而在福尔马林固定的带有黄色荧光蛋白标签的小鼠大脑中,将图像亮度提高了约2 mm。通过收集向前和向后散射的荧光以优化激发波前,AO DIVER可以在常规多光子显微镜无法到达的深度对组织结构进行成像。在新鲜的带有绿色荧光蛋白标签的小鼠皮肤中,在约0.4 mm的深度处将图像亮度提高了5倍,而在福尔马林固定的带有黄色荧光蛋白标签的小鼠大脑中,将图像亮度提高了约2 mm。通过收集向前和向后散射的荧光以优化激发波前,AO DIVER可以在常规多光子显微镜无法到达的深度对组织结构进行成像。
更新日期:2020-12-30
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