ABSTRACT Due to the almost hemispheric observational scope of the Moon-based Earth observations, the effects of sampling time interval on the image offsets of the observed points are fundamentally different from the cases of traditional satellite-based platforms. Sampling time intervals will affect the offsets in the full-disc image, while the magnitude of the image offsets is dependent on the spatial resolution. Hence, their relationships merit further investigation. To this end, a novel method to determine the image coordinates based on radius-angle pair expression is proposed. The offsets of the observed points between two adjacent samplings can be calculated and the effects of the sampling time interval on the offsets can be analysed. We found that the magnitude of the image offsets in the x-axis direction is approximately two times larger than that in y-axis direction under the same sampling time interval and the effects of the sampling time interval is related to the observed point’s latitude. Further, based on the fact that the maximum offsets occur at the Earth’s equator, the detailed calculation of the shortest sampling time interval taken to exceed 1-pixel offset corresponding to different spatial resolutions is carried out. The results described herein can provide guidance for designing sensors for Moon-based Earth observations.

中文翻译：

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采样时间间隔对月球地球观测观测点影像偏移的影响

摘要 由于月基地球观测几乎是半球观测范围，采样时间间隔对观测点影像偏移的影响与传统星基平台的情况有着根本的不同。采样时间间隔将影响全盘图像中的偏移量，而图像偏移量的大小取决于空间分辨率。因此，他们的关系值得进一步调查。为此，提出了一种基于半径-角度对表达式确定图像坐标的新方法。可以计算两个相邻采样之间观测点的偏移量，并且可以分析采样时间间隔对偏移量的影响。我们发现，在相同的采样时间间隔下，x轴方向的图像偏移量大约是y轴方向的两倍，并且采样时间间隔的影响与观测点的纬度有关。进一步，基于最大偏移出现在地球赤道的事实，详细计算了不同空间分辨率对应的超过1个像素偏移所需的最短采样时间间隔。本文所述的结果可为设计用于月球地球观测的传感器提供指导。对不同空间分辨率对应的超过1个像素偏移所采取的最短采样时间间隔进行详细计算。本文所述的结果可为设计用于月球地球观测的传感器提供指导。对不同空间分辨率对应的超过1个像素偏移所采取的最短采样时间间隔进行详细计算。本文所述的结果可为设计用于月球地球观测的传感器提供指导。