ABSTRACT

The biochemical biomarkers (Catalase (CAT), glutathione s-transferase (GST), cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1450) activities and glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels) of D. polymorpha exposed to the basic blue 41 (BB41) solutions for 24 and 96 h before and after the Fenton process (FTP) were evaluated to investigate the efficiency of the FTP. The optimum conditions for the removal of BB41 were set using central composite design (CCD), which is a response surface methodology (RSM) module in the Design-Expert® software. The optimal conditions were found to be 27.87 min, 3.49 mg/L, and 0.04 for reaction time, initial BB41 concentration, and Fe²⁺/H₂O₂ molar ratio, respectively, resulting in maximum (99%) removal efficiency. After FTP, the MDA and GSH levels decreased significantly during the 24 and 96 h. CAT activities were increased after treatment. No statistically significant changes were observed in the CYP1A1 levels after FTP. GST activities decreased during 24 h but increased during 96 h after FTP. CYP1A1450, catalase, GST activities and MDA, GSH levels of D. polymorpha are useful biomarkers to evaluate the efficiency of FTP. This study suggests that BB41 dye must be further treated after the FTP to minimise the ecotoxicological risk.

摘要

暴露于碱性蓝41（BB41）溶液中的多形衣藻的生化生物标志物（过氧化氢酶（CAT），谷胱甘肽s-转移酶（GST），细胞色素P4501A1（CYP1A1450）活性和谷胱甘肽（GSH），丙二醛（MDA）含量）在Fenton进程（FTP）之前和之后的24和96 h进行评估，以研究FTP的效率。使用中央复合设计（CCD）设置去除BB41的最佳条件，该设计是Design-Expert®软件中的响应面方法（RSM）模块。发现最佳条件为反应时间，初始BB41浓度和Fe ²⁺ / H ₂ O ₂为27.87分钟，3.49 mg / L和0.04。摩尔比分别导致最大（99％）去除效率。FTP后，MDA和GSH的水平在24和96小时内显着下降。治疗后CAT活性增加。在FTP后，CYP1A1水平未见统计学上的显着变化。在FTP后的24小时内，GST活性下降，但在96小时内增加。CYP1A1450，过氧化氢酶，GST活性和多形果蝇的MDA，GSH水平是评估FTP效率的有用生物标志物。这项研究表明，BB41染料必须在FTP后进行进一步处理，以最大程度地降低生态毒理学风险。