In the upper troposphere (UT), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultations (ROs) provide accurate air temperatures (<0.5 K) every ∼200 m vertically. We use RO observations from 01/2002 until 12/2018 at 300, 250, and 200 hPa to quantify the tropical upper tropospheric amplification (defined as the ratio of temperature trends in the UT relative to the surface). We compare the RO‐derived results against Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) models, Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA‐2), and European Center for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis Interim (ERA‐Interim) data. We find that CMIP6 AMIP models show excellent agreement with independent AIRS and RO observations on the magnitude of the UT warming and show warming that is significantly faster than both reanalyses above 250 hPa. Additionally, AIRS and CMIP6 AMIP present excellent agreement with the RO‐measured tropical tropospheric amplification.

中文翻译：

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使用无线电掩星测量量化热带对流层上层变暖的放大

在对流层上方（UT），全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）无线电掩星（RO）在垂直方向每200 m处提供准确的气温（<0.5 K）。我们使用从01/2002到12/2018在300、250和200 hPa的RO观测值来量化热带对流层上层的放大率（定义为UT中温度趋势相对于地表的比率）。我们将RO得出的结果与大气红外测深仪（AIRS），耦合模型比对项目第6阶段（CMIP6），大气模型比对项目（AMIP）模型，现代时代研究和应用第2版回顾性分析（MERRA-2）进行了比较，和欧洲中型天气预报中心重新分析中期（ERA-Interim）数据。我们发现，CMIP6 AMIP模型与独立的AIRS和RO观测结果在UT变暖的幅度上显示出极好的一致性，并且显示出比两个高于250 hPa的重新分析都快得多的变暖。此外，AIRS和CMIP6 AMIP与经反渗透测量的热带对流层放大显示出极好的一致性。