Leaky salt: Pipe trails record the history of cross-evaporite fluid escape in the northern Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean,Basin Research

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Leaky salt: Pipe trails record the history of cross-evaporite fluid escape in the northern Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean
Basin Research ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-30 , DOI: 10.1111/bre.12536
Davide Oppo ₁ , Sian Evans ₂ , David Iacopini ₃ , SM Mainul Kabir ₄ , Vittorio Maselli ₅ , Christopher A‐L. Jackson ₂

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Despite salt being regarded as an extremely efficient, low-permeability hydraulic seal, an increasing number of cross-evaporite fluid escape features have been documented in salt-bearing sedimentary basins. Because of this, it is clear that our understanding of how thick salt deposits impact fluid flow in sedimentary basins is incomplete. We here examine the causes and evolution of cross-evaporite fluid escape in the northern Levant Basin, Eastern Mediterranean. High-quality 3D seismic data offshore Lebanon image hundreds of supra-salt fluid escape pipes distributed widely along the margin. The pipes consistently originate at the crest of prominent sub-salt anticlines, where overlying salt is relatively thin. The fact the pipes crosscut the salt suggests that hydrofracturing occurred, permitting focused fluid flow. Sequential pipes from unique emission points are organized along trails that are several kilometres long, and which are progressively deformed due to basinward gravity gliding of salt and its overburden. Correlation of pipes in 12 trails suggests margin-wide fluid escape started in the Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene, coincident with a major phase of uplift of the Levant margin. We interpret that the consequent transfer of overpressure from the central basin area, in addition to gas exsolution from hydrocarbons already trapped in sub-salt anticlines, triggered seal failure and cross-evaporite fluid flow. We infer that other causes of fluid escape in the Eastern Mediterranean, such as subsurface pressure changes driven by sea-level variations and salt deposition associated with the Messinian Salinity Crisis, played only a minor role in triggering cross-evaporite fluid flow in the northern Levant Basin. Further phases of fluid escape are unique to each anticline and cannot be easily correlated across the margin. Therefore, despite a common initial cause, long-term fluid escape proceeded according to structure-specific characteristics, such as local dynamics of fluid migration and anticline geometry. Our work shows that the mechanisms triggering cross-evaporite fluid flow in salt basins vary in time and space.

中文翻译：

漏盐：管道痕迹记录了地中海东部黎凡特盆地北部交叉蒸发岩流体逸出的历史

尽管盐被认为是一种非常有效的低渗透性液压密封件，但在含盐的沉积盆地中，已经记录了越来越多的交叉蒸发流体逸出特征。因此，很明显，我们对浓盐沉积物如何影响沉积盆地中流体流动的理解是不完整的。在这里，我们研究了地中海东部黎凡特盆地北部交叉蒸发流体逸出的原因和演变。黎巴嫩海上高质量的3D地震数据为数百条沿边缘广泛分布的超盐漏油管成像。管道始终起源于突出的盐下背斜的顶部，那里的上覆盐相对较薄。管道横穿盐的事实表明发生了水力压裂，从而使流体集中流动。来自独特排放点的顺序管道沿几公里长的小路进行组织，由于盐及其覆盖层的向底重力滑移，这些管道逐渐变形。12条路径中管道的相关性表明，在上新世晚期/早更新世开始了边缘范围内的流体逸出，这与黎凡特边缘隆起的主要阶段相吻合。我们解释说，随之而来的超压从盆地中心区域转移，除了已经被盐分下背斜线困住的碳氢化合物释放的气体外，还引发了密封失效和交叉蒸发流体的流动。我们推断出东地中海流体泄漏的其他原因，例如由海平面变化和与墨西拿盐度危机有关的盐分沉积所驱动的地下压力变化，在黎凡特盆地北部，在触发交叉蒸发岩流体流动方面只起了很小的作用。流体逸出的进一步阶段是每个背斜所独有的，并且不能轻易地在整个边界上关联。因此，尽管有一个常见的初始原因，但长期的流体逸出仍根据特定于结构的特征进行，例如流体运移的局部动力学和背斜几何。我们的工作表明，触发盐盆中交叉蒸发流体流动的机制在时间和空间上有所不同。例如流体运移的局部动力学和背斜几何。我们的工作表明，触发盐盆中交叉蒸发流体流动的机制在时间和空间上有所不同。例如流体运移的局部动力学和背斜几何。我们的工作表明，触发盐盆中交叉蒸发流体流动的机制在时间和空间上有所不同。

更新日期：2020-12-30

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