The combination of biological and synthetic materials has great potential to generate new types of biosensors. Toward this goal, recent advances in artificial cell development have demonstrated the capacity to detect a variety of analytes and environmental changes by encapsulating genetically encoded sensors within bilayer membranes, expanding the contexts within which biologically based sensing can operate. This chassis not only acts as a container for cell-free sensors, but can also play an active role in artificial cell sensing by serving as an additional gate mediating the transfer of environmental information. Here, we focus on recent progress toward stimuli-responsive artificial cells and discuss strategies for membrane functionalization in order to expand cell-free biosensing capabilities and applications.

生物材料和合成材料的结合具有产生新型生物传感器的巨大潜力。为实现这一目标，人工细胞开发的最新进展已经证明了通过将基因编码传感器封装在双层膜中来检测各种分析物和环境变化的能力，从而扩展了基于生物的传感可以运行的环境。该底盘不仅充当无细胞传感器的容器，而且还可以通过充当介导环境信息传输的附加门，在人工细胞传感中发挥积极作用。在这里，我们关注刺激响应人工细胞的最新进展，并讨论膜功能化的策略，以扩展无细胞生物传感能力和应用。